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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD28 antibody. Suitable for ICC/IF, IP, Flow Cyt and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 1 publication.

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Images

Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (AB283860), expandable thumbnail
  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (AB283860), expandable thumbnail
  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (AB283860), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (AB283860), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (AB283860), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
ICC/IFIPFlow CytWBIHC-P
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Not recommended
Not recommended
Mouse
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Rat
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/200
Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/30
Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/50
Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species
Mouse, Rat, Human
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species
Mouse, Rat, Human
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Target data

Function

Receptor that plays a role in T-cell activation, proliferation, survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis (PubMed:1650475, PubMed:7568038). Functions not only as an amplifier of TCR signals but delivers unique signals that control intracellular biochemical events that alter the gene expression program of T-cells (PubMed:24665965). Stimulation upon engagement of its cognate ligands CD80 or CD86 increases proliferation and expression of various cytokines in particular IL2 production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets (PubMed:1650475, PubMed:35397202). Mechanistically, ligation induces recruitment of protein kinase C-theta/PRKCQ and GRB2 leading to NF-kappa-B activation via both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways (PubMed:21964608, PubMed:24665965, PubMed:7568038). In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells (PubMed:8617933). Isoform 3. Enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed:15067037).

Alternative names

CD28, T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, TP44

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD28 antibody. Suitable for ICC/IF, IP, Flow Cyt and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 1 publication.

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number
EPR24592-5
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

CD28 also known as T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 or TP44 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of about 44 kDa and is located mainly on the cell surface of T cells. CD28 expression also occurs on thymocytes and some B cells. It forms part of the immunoglobulin superfamily featuring in significant antibody interactions. Researchers often use anti-CD28 antibodies for various immunological assays including CD28 ELISA to study its function.

Biological function summary

CD28 co-stimulates T cells after antigen presentation. It enhances T cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. CD28 functions alongside the T cell receptor (TCR) complex mediating signals that promote full T cell activation. This interaction amplifies the immune response forming an important axis of immune system communication. CD28 interacts with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) illustrating its role in immune system dynamics.

Pathways

CD28 is integral to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways conduct signals critical for cellular growth and survival linking CD28 to downstream transcription factors. The interaction with another protein CTLA-4 acts as a regulatory balance for CD28 signaling preventing over-activation of T cells. This balance influences immune homeostasis and tolerance providing a framework for understanding costimulatory and inhibitory signaling.

Associated diseases and disorders

CD28's role becomes evident in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Abnormal CD28 signaling links to rheumatoid arthritis where inappropriate T cell activation occurs. Similarly CD28 activity contributes to organ transplant rejection by stimulating T cell-mediated responses against transplanted tissues. CTLA-4 through regulatory feedback can modify these effects providing therapeutic target strategies for managing such disorders. Efforts to modulate CD28 activity involve developing therapeutic agents such as anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.

6 product images

  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    Flow cytometric analysis of Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cells labelling CD28 with ab283860 at 1/50 dilution (1ug)/ Right compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) / Left isotype control and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody) (Blue). Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody. Cells were stained with rabbit IgG or ab283860. Then stained with anti-CD3 conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 647. Gated on viable cells.

  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    Flow cytometric analysis of THP-1 (Human monocytic leukemia monocyte, left) / U266B1 (human multiple myeloma B lymphocyte, right) cells labelling CD28 with ab283860 at 1/500 dilution (0.1ug)/ red compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (Black) isotype control and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody) (Blue). Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control: THP-1 (PMID: 26773151)

  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    Flow cytometric analysis of 293T (Human embryonic kidney epithelial cell, left) / Jurkat (Human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte, right) cells labelling CD28 with ab283860 at 1/500 dilution (0.1ug)/ red compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (Black) isotype control and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody) (Blue). Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control: 293T (PMID: 27708164)

  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860), expandable thumbnail

    Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    CD28 was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg Jurkat (human T cell leukemia cell line from peripheral blood) whole cell lysate 10 ug with ab283860 at 1/30 dilution (2ug in 0.35mg lysates). Western blot was performed on the immunoprecipitate using ab283860 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP secondary antibody(HRP)(VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366) was used at 1/5000 dilution. Lane 1: Jurkat (human T cell leukemia cell line from peripheral blood) whole cell lysate 10 ug

    Lane 2: abab283860 IP in Jurkat whole cell lysate

    Lane 3:Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of ab283860 in Jurkat whole cell lysate

    Blocking and dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.

    Exposure time: 3 minutes

    This blot was developed using a higher sensitivity ECL substrate.

    All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    Predicted band size: 25 kDa

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% TritonX-100 permeabilized U266B1 cells labelling CD28 with ab283860 at 1/200 (2.675 ug/ml) dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 2ug/ml dilution (Green). Confocal image showing membranous staining in U266B1 cells and no staining in 293T cells. Negative control: 293T(PMID: 27708164) is observed. Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) was used to counterstain tubulin at 1/200 2.5ug/ml dilution (Red). The Nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2ug/ml dilution.

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR24592-5] (ab283860)

    Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% TritonX-100 permeabilized Jurkat cells labelling CD28 with ab283860 at 1/200 (2.675 ug/ml) dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 2ug/ml dilution (Green). Confocal image showing membranous staining in Jurkat cells and no staining in 293T cells. Negative control: 293T(PMID: 27708164) is observed. Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) was used to counterstain tubulin at 1/200 2.5ug/ml dilution (Red). The Nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2ug/ml dilution.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can:

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