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AB233172

Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free

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(1 Review)

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(9 Publications)

Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (ab233172) is a mouse recombinant monoclonal antibody provided in a PBS only buffer for easy conjugation detecting CD68 in Western Blot, IHC-P, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human.

- BSA, sodium azide, and glycerol-free for easy conjugation
- Biophysical QC for unrivalled batch-batch consistency

View Alternative Names

CD68, Macrosialin, Gp110

6 Images
Mass Cytometry - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)
  • Mass Cytometry

Collaborator

Mass Cytometry - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)

Imaging Mass Cytometry™ (IMC™) image of human tonsil tissue stained with Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1]. ab233172 (carrier-free antibody, purified) was metal-conjugated using a Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm. Immunostaining was performed according to Fluidigm's protocols. Briefly, slides were subject to deparaffinization and heat-induced epitope retrieval, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with an antibody cocktail containing metal-tagged antibodies in blocking buffer. Slides were subsequently washed with 0.2% Triton-X and 1x PBS, counterstained with Cell-ID™ Intercalator-Ir diluted at 1/400 in 1x PBS for 30 min at room temperature, rinsed for 5 min with distilled H2O, and air-dried prior to IMC™ acquisition. IMC™ acquisition was performed using the Fluidigm Hyperion™ Imaging System.

Imaging Mass Cytometry™, IMC™, Cell-ID™, Hyperion™ and Maxpar® are trademarks of Fluidigm Canada

This image is courtesy of the Single Cell & Imaging Mass Cytometry Analysis Platform, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)
  • IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling CD68 with ab233172 at 1/3000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-mouse IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use. Cytoplasmic staining on macrophages of human tonsil (PMID : 19543531) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-mouse IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use.

Heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)
  • ICC/IF

Supplier Data

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)

Immunofluorescent analysis of 100% methanol-fixed THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) cells labeling CD68 with ab233172 at 1/50 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150113) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution (green). Confocal image showing cytoplasmic staining in THP-1 cells. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Tubulin is detected with Recombinant Anti-beta IV Tubulin antibody [EPR16775] (ab179504) at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) (ab150080) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution (red).

Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, followed by Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150113) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)
  • IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human liver tissue labelling CD68 with ab955 at 1/3000 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9. ab93684 a Goat Anti-mouse IgG H&L (HRP) was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control using PBS instead of primary antibody. Counterstained with hematoxylin.

Cytoplasmic staining on Kupffer cells of human liver (PMID : 12118106).

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab955).

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)
  • IHC-P

Lab

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)

This data was produced using the same antibody clone but in a different formulation containing PBS, sodium azide, glycerol and BSA (ab955).

Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human liver labelling CD68 with ab955 at a concentration of 0.1 µg/ml. The immunostaining was performed on a Ventana DISCOVERY ULTRA (Roche Tissue Diagnostics) instrument with a OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with DISCOVERY cell conditioning solution (CC1) 100°C, pH8.5 for 32mins.

ab955 Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] was incubated for 16mins at 37°C. Sections were counterstained with Hematoxylin II. Image inset shows absence of staining in secondary antibody only control.

Customers are encouraged to optimise antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentration, incubation times and temperature for best results in their own IHC assay workflow (automated and manual)

Western blot - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (AB233172)

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation (ab955). Blocking anf diluting buffer and concentraion : 5% NFDM /TBST Exposure time : Lane1 : 60 seconds; Lane2 : 5 seconds; Lane3 : 180 seconds; Lane4 : 7 seconds ab303565 works better than ab955 in western blot testing. We suggest optimizing experimental protocols (increasing lysate amount, using lower dilution or higher sensitivity ECL substrate) to improve results when using ab955 in western blot.

Lanes 1 and 3:

Western blot - Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/cd68-antibody-kp1-ab955'>ab955</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lanes 2 and 4:

Western blot - Anti-CD68 antibody [RM1031] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/cd68-antibody-rm1031-ab303565'>ab303565</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lanes 1 - 2:

Human spleen tissue lysate at 20 µg

Lanes 3 - 4:

THP-1 (Human monocytic leukemia monocyte) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP) with minimal cross-reactivity with human IgG at 1/2000 dilution

Predicted band size: 37 kDa

Observed band size: 110 kDa

false

Key facts

Host species

Mouse

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

KP1

Isotype

IgG1

Light chain type

kappa

Carrier free

Yes

Reacts with

Human

Applications

IHC-P, Mass Cytometry, WB, ICC/IF

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

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Product details

What is this antibody validated in?
Anti-CD68 antibody [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (ab233172) is a mouse recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), Immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence (ICC/IF) in Human samples.

What is the molecular weight of CD68?
Anti-CD68 [KP1] - BSA and Azide free (ab233172) specifically detects a band for CD68 (UniProt: P34810) at a molecular weight of 37kDa.

Other related products
We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [KP1] also available for your convenience: ab845, ab955, Alexa Fluor® 488 - ab222914, Carrier free - ab233172, Alexa Fluor® 555 - ab279323, Alexa Fluor® 594 - ab282650, Alexa Fluor® 647 - ab314474, Biotin - ab317601

Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

Compatibility
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.

Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Constituents: PBS
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
+4°C
Storage information
Do Not Freeze

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

CD68 is a glycoprotein that functions as a scavenger receptor. It plays an important role in the regulation of cellular debris and apoptotic cell clearance. Researchers often refer to it as KP1 or macrosialin in the literature. CD68 with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa is highly expressed in macrophages and monocytes. The mucin-like structure of CD68 allows it to be heavily glycosylated which aids in its function. Researchers detect CD68 in tissues through methods like immunohistochemistry (IHC) immunofluorescence and CD68 staining and it is widely used as a macrophage marker in research.
Biological function summary

CD68 facilitates functions associated with the innate immune response. It serves as an important part of macrophages which contribute to immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis. Though it primarily operates on its own in some contexts CD68 might assist in forming complexes with other receptors to modulate phagocytic activity. This target is significant in atherosclerotic plaque stability as macrophages engulf lipids and cell debris through processes facilitated by CD68.

Pathways

CD68 is involved in pathways connected to inflammation and phagocytosis. The CD68 protein works closely with other scavenger receptors like CD36 to mediate uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the lipid metabolism pathway. Additionally CD68 engagement can influence the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways thereby linking innate immunity and inflammatory responses critical for host defense and disease progression.

CD68 is associated with atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. In atherosclerosis its role becomes evident as it accumulates in macrophages within the plaques making it a marker of disease severity. In multiple sclerosis CD68 expression in macrophages and microglia indicates active demyelination and inflammation. It also relates to proteins such as CD36 in atherosclerosis where both mediate the uptake of modified LDL contributing to foam cell formation in plaques.

Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Target data

Could play a role in phagocytic activities of tissue macrophages, both in intracellular lysosomal metabolism and extracellular cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions. Binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins, allowing homing of macrophage subsets to particular sites. Rapid recirculation of CD68 from endosomes and lysosomes to the plasma membrane may allow macrophages to crawl over selectin-bearing substrates or other cells.
See full target information CD68

Publications (9)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

NPJ breast cancer 11:67 PubMed40624019

2025

NR4A3 potentials M1-like macrophage polarization to facilitate anti-tumor immune responses in breast cancer.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Yi-Yu Qian,Ning Jin,Shan-Shan Rao,Ya Wang,Xin Li,Wen Pan,Pu Huang,Si-Yuan Wang,Ping-Fei Li,Yan-Kai Lv,Qing-Lei Gao,Yu Xia

Nature immunology 26:1182-1197 PubMed40588561

2025

Chemosensor receptors are lipid-detecting regulators of macrophage function in cancer.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Giulia Marelli,Nicolò Morina,Simone Puccio,Marta Iovino,Marta Pandini,Federica Portale,Mattia Carvetta,Divya Mishra,Elisabetta Diana,Greta Meregalli,Elvezia Paraboschi,Javier Cibella,Clelia Peano,Gianluca Basso,Gabriele De Simone,Chiara Camisaschi,Elena Magrini,Giulio Sartori,Elham Karimi,Piergiuseppe Colombo,Massimo Lazzeri,Paolo Casale,Lavinia Morosi,Giuseppe Martano,Rosanna Asselta,Eduardo Bonavita,Hiro Matsunami,Francesco Bertoni,Logan Walsh,Enrico Lugli,Diletta Di Mitri

Inflammation 48:3097-3110 PubMed40407857

2025

High level expression of OSBPL11 is associated with atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Huayu Zhang,Yanyu Chen,Qian Xu,Xuanshuang Wu,Naiqi He,Zhong Ren,Guixue Wang,Zhihan Tang,Qiong Xiang,Lushan Liu

Clinical proteomics 22:12 PubMed40229672

2025

Proteomic profiles screening identified novel exosomal protein biomarkers for diagnosis of lung cancer.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Weiyan Feng,Ying Lin,Ling Zhang,Weiming Hu

Scientific reports 15:2107 PubMed39814777

2025

Identification of critical endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in advanced atherosclerotic plaque.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ning Zhao,Dan Liu,Haixu Song,Xiaolin Zhang,Chenghui Yan,Yaling Han

iScience 27:109928 PubMed38812546

2024

Single-cell transcriptomic-informed deconvolution of bulk data identifies immune checkpoint blockade resistance in urothelial cancer.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Li Wang,Sudeh Izadmehr,John P Sfakianos,Michelle Tran,Kristin G Beaumont,Rachel Brody,Carlos Cordon-Cardo,Amir Horowitz,Robert Sebra,William K Oh,Nina Bhardwaj,Matthew D Galsky,Jun Zhu

Oncoimmunology 12:2203073 PubMed37089448

2023

Expression of gene on tumor-associated macrophages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and its correlation with clinical outcome.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Peng Zhang,Yan Zhao,Xin Xia,Song Mei,Yixuan Huang,Yingying Zhu,Shuting Yu,Xingming Chen

Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies 8: PubMed35483877

2022

Tumor-immune microenvironment revealed by Imaging Mass Cytometry in a metastatic sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma with a prolonged response to pembrolizumab.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Hussein Alnajar,Hiranmayi Ravichandran,André Figueiredo Rendeiro,Kentaro Ohara,Wael Al Zoughbi,Jyothi Manohar,Noah Greco,Michael Sigouros,Jesse Fox,Emily Muth,Samuel Angiuoli,Bishoy Faltas,Michael Shusterman,Cora N Sternberg,Olivier Elemento,Juan Miguel Mosquera

Nature cancer 2:545-562 PubMed35122017

2021

Neutrophil oxidative stress mediates obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and metastatic transmigration.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Sheri A C McDowell,Robin B E Luo,Azadeh Arabzadeh,Samuel Doré,Nicolas C Bennett,Valérie Breton,Elham Karimi,Morteza Rezanejad,Ryan R Yang,Katherine D Lach,Marianne S M Issac,Bozena Samborska,Lucas J M Perus,Dan Moldoveanu,Yuhong Wei,Benoit Fiset,Roni F Rayes,Ian R Watson,Lawrence Kazak,Marie-Christine Guiot,Pierre O Fiset,Jonathan D Spicer,Andrew J Dannenberg,Logan A Walsh,Daniela F Quail
View all publications

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