Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] is a mouse monoclonal antibody that is used to detect CD81 in Flow cytometry, IHC-P, Western blot. Suitable for Human samples.
- Antibody clone M38 has been tried and trusted by researchers since 2009 and is cited in >310 publications
- Specificity confirmed with CD81 knockout cell line validation
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.097% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS
IHC-P | Flow Cyt | WB | |
---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 5 µg/mL | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1-4 µg/mL | Notes ab170190 - Mouse monoclonal IgG1, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 2 µg/mL | Notes - |
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Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling. Essential for trafficking and compartmentalization of CD19 receptor on the surface of activated B cells (PubMed:16449649, PubMed:20237408, PubMed:27881302). Upon initial encounter with microbial pathogens, enables the assembly of CD19-CR2/CD21 and B cell receptor (BCR) complexes at signaling TERMs, lowering the threshold dose of antigen required to trigger B cell clonal expansion and antibody production (PubMed:15161911, PubMed:20237408). In T cells, facilitates the localization of CD247/CD3 zeta at antigen-induced synapses with B cells, providing for costimulation and polarization toward T helper type 2 phenotype (PubMed:22307619, PubMed:23858057, PubMed:8766544). Present in MHC class II compartments, may also play a role in antigen presentation (PubMed:8409388, PubMed:8766544). Can act both as positive and negative regulator of homotypic or heterotypic cell-cell fusion processes. Positively regulates sperm-egg fusion and may be involved in acrosome reaction (By similarity). In myoblasts, associates with CD9 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration (By similarity). In macrophages, associates with CD9 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized large particles (PubMed:12796480). Also prevents the fusion of mononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of bone resorption (By similarity). May regulate the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities. In T cells, defines the subcellular localization of dNTPase SAMHD1 and permits its degradation by the proteasome, thereby controlling intracellular dNTP levels (PubMed:28871089). Also involved in cell adhesion and motility. Positively regulates integrin-mediated adhesion of macrophages, particularly relevant for the inflammatory response in the lung (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hepatocytes. Association with CLDN1 and the CLDN1-CD81 receptor complex is essential for HCV entry into host cell. (Microbial infection) Involved in SAMHD1-dependent restriction of HIV-1 replication. May support early replication of both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 viruses in T cells, likely via proteasome-dependent degradation of SAMHD1. (Microbial infection) Specifically required for Plasmodium falciparum infectivity of hepatocytes, controlling sporozoite entry into hepatocytes via the parasitophorous vacuole and subsequent parasite differentiation to exoerythrocytic forms.
CD81, TAPA1, TSPAN28, CD81 antigen, 26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1, Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1, Tetraspanin-28, Tspan-28
Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] is a mouse monoclonal antibody that is used to detect CD81 in Flow cytometry, IHC-P, Western blot. Suitable for Human samples.
- Antibody clone M38 has been tried and trusted by researchers since 2009 and is cited in >310 publications
- Specificity confirmed with CD81 knockout cell line validation
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.097% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS
ab79559 is purified from hybridoma culture supernatant by protein A affinity chromatography. Purity is > 95% (by SDS-PAGE).
Product Specifications
Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] (ab79559) is a mouse monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Flow Cyt, IHC-P, WB in human samples.
Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] (ab79559) specifically detects CD81 (UniProt ID: P60033; Molecular weight: 26kDa) and is sold in 100 µg selling sizes.
Quality and Validation
Abcam's high quality validation processes ensure Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] (ab79559) has high sensitivity and specificity.
The specificity of Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] (ab79559) has been confirmed by testing in knockout samples.
Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] (ab79559) has been cited over 142 times in peer reviewed journals and is trusted by the scientific community.
Related Products
Antibody clone M38 is also available pre-conjugated to a variety of labels for your convenience - APC/Cy7®, APC, Biotin, FITC, HRP (APC/Cy7® Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] ab200565, APC Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] ab233259, Biotin Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] ab239238, FITC Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] ab239256).
Target Information
CD81 or TAPA1 is a tetraspanin protein that plays a significant role in oncology, particularly in the context of cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. CD81 or TAPA1 is highly expressed in several types of cancer cells and it is involved in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and signal transduction. CD81 also contributes to the tumor microenvironment by facilitating interactions between cancer cells and their surroundings.
CD81 also known as TAPA-1 or 26 kDa protein is a member of the tetraspanin family featuring four transmembrane domains. The molecular weight of CD81 is approximately 26-28 kDa. This protein exhibits expression in numerous cell types such as leukocytes endothelial cells and epithelial tissues. CD81 plays a mechanical role by facilitating membrane protein interactions and contributing to cellular processes like adhesion and morphogenesis. Researchers have identified specific isoforms like M38 and labels like 1D6 CHAN in studies involving this target often analyzing CD81 through techniques like Western blot to determine expression levels and molecular weight.
CD81 interacts with other tetraspanins and forms complexes within the membrane to regulate cellular signaling trafficking and adhesion. It participates in the assembly of larger tetraspanin-enriched microdomains which are important for efficient signaling and functional variety. These complexes modulate cell morphology proliferation and development influencing immune responses and pathogen entry to cells. The presence of CD81 in diverse tissues implies its involvement in a wide range of cellular processes forming essential complexes with proteins like integrins that further engage in tissue repair and immunological defense.
CD81 plays significant roles in the immune system and viral entry pathways. It interacts with other proteins like CD9 and CD19 within the immune response pathways regulating lymphocyte activation and differentiation. CD81 is notably a coreceptor in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry pathway facilitating viral attachment and fusion into host cells. These interactions illustrate CD81's involvement in modulation of immune cell responses and influence on pathogen infection processes integrating into the complex cellular pathways important for maintaining homeostasis and response to external stimuli.
CD81 has connections to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and immunological disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). During HCV infection CD81 serves as an important entry point for the virus interacting with proteins like claudin-1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) enabling viral entry and replication within liver cells. In SLE alterations in CD81 expression can impact autoantibody production and lymphocyte behavior contributing to the disease's pathology. Understanding CD81's role in these diseases provides insight into therapeutic targets and potential interventions for managing infections and autoimmune responses.
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This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
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Terms & Conditions.
IHC image of CD81 staining in Human normal liver formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section, performed on a Leica Bond™ system using the standard protocol F. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. The section was then incubated with ab79559, 5 μg/mL, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
Flow cytometry analysis using human peripheral blood cells with ab79559 at 4 μg/ml.
Separation of human lymphocytes (red-filled) from neutrophil granulocytes (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis of human peripheral whole blood stained using ab79559 at 4 μg/ml.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-CD81 antibody [M38] (ab79559) at 2 µg/mL
All lanes: Jurkat (human T cell leukemia cell line from peripheral blood) whole cell lysate
All lanes: IRDye800-conjugated Anti-Mouse Secondary Antibody
Performed under non-reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 25 kDa
Observed band size: 25 kDa
Flow cytometry overlay histogram showing wild-type HAP1 (green line) and CD81 knockout HAP1 stained with ab79559 (magenta line). The cells were incubated in 1x PBS containing 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interaction followed by the antibody (ab79559) (1x 106 in 100μl at 0.2 μg/ml (1/5000)) for 30min on ice.
The secondary antibody Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed was incubated at 1/4000 for 30min on ice
Isotype control antibody Mouse IgG1, kappa monoclonal [15-6E10A7] - Isotype Control was used at the same concentration and conditions as the primary antibody (wild-type HAP1 - black line, CD81 knockout HAP1 - grey line). Unlabelled sample was also used as a control (this line is not shown for the purpose of simplicity).
Acquisition of >5000 events were collected using a 50 mW Blue laser (488nm) and 525/40 bandpass filter.
Flow cytometry overlay histogram showing left Jurkat positive cells and right negative HepG2 stained with ab79559 (red line). The cells were incubated in 1x PBS containing 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interactionfollowed by the antibody (ab79559) (1x 106 in 100μl at 0.2 μg/ml (1/5000)) for 30min on ice.
The secondary antibody Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed was incubated at 1/4000 for 30min on ice
Isotype control antibody (black line) was Mouse IgG1, kappa monoclonal [15-6E10A7] - Isotype Control used at the same concentration and conditions as the primary antibody. Unlabelled sample (blue line) was also used as a control.
Acquisition of >5000 events were collected using a 50 mW Blue laser (488nm) and 525/40 bandpass filter.
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