Anti-CD99 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

CD99 also known as MIC2 or HO36 is a transmembrane protein of approximately 32-35 kDa. Expressed mainly on the surface of human cells CD99 plays a role in several physiological processes. It is prominently found on T cells B cells granulocytes and some capillary endothelial cells. The protein interacts with homophilic binding partners and influences various cellular functions depending on its location and cellular context. Immunohistochemistry for CD99 (CD99 IHC) is commonly used in research and diagnostic settings to study its involvement and presence in tissues.

Biological function summary

CD99 functions as a modulator in cell adhesion and migration. It facilitates the separation of leukocytes from the endothelium during transendothelial migration impacting the immune response and inflammation. CD99 is not part of a complex itself but interacts with extracellular matrix (ECM) components to perform its role. It contributes to the regulation of cell death pathways showcasing its versatility in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Pathways

CD99 primarily participates in the regulation of T-cell adhesion and transmigration pathways. It supports the E-selectin and integrins pathway which is important for T-cell migration to sites of inflammation. CD99 works in conjunction with proteins like ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 assisting these proteins in facilitating immune cell movement and interactions. Its involvement in these pathways highlights its significance in immune surveillance and response modulation.

Associated diseases and disorders

CD99 shows a notable connection with Ewing sarcoma and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). It is highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma a malignant bone tumor and can aid in diagnostic identification alongside other markers such as HOXA9. Furthermore its expression profiles in T-ALL patients suggest a potential role in the progression or maintenance of the disease. CD99's interactions with these malignancies make it a potential target in therapeutic research exploring pathways and molecules that might modulate its expression or function.