Anti-Complex IV Immunocapture antibody [31E91B82G9]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Complex IV also known as cytochrome c oxidase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex important for the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria. It consists of 13 protein subunits and has an approximate mass of 204 kDa. Complex IV is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it facilitates the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen reducing it to water. This process helps create a proton gradient across the inner membrane which is essential for ATP production. In high-energy demand tissues like heart and skeletal muscle expression levels of Complex IV are notably higher.

Biological function summary

Complex IV plays a critical role in cellular respiration by being the terminal enzyme of the ETC. It is part of a larger complex and its primary function is to aid in oxidative phosphorylation. This complex facilitates oxygen consumption in cells aiding ATP synthesis and influencing metabolic rate. Complex IV is involved in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and regulation of reactive oxygen species which also contributes to cell signaling and apoptosis.

Pathways

Complex IV takes a vital role in the oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis pathways. In oxidative phosphorylation it interacts with other ETC complexes including Complex I and II to assure efficient ATP production. The role of Complex IV in apoptosis pathways involves interactions with cytochrome c which upon release into the cytosol can trigger the apoptotic machinery. These pathways are fundamental for cellular energy production and programmed cell death ensuring proper cell function and turnover.

Associated diseases and disorders

Complex IV dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial diseases such as Leigh syndrome can occur due to mutations affecting Complex IV subunits leading to impaired energy production and metabolic acidosis. In neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease altered Complex IV activity contributes to energy deficits and increased oxidative stress. Proteins like amyloid-beta have shown connections with Complex IV alterations in Alzheimer's disease hinting at a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of such disorders.