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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal COX IV antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

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Images

Key facts

Isotype

IgG

Host species

Rabbit

Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS

Form

Liquid

Clonality

Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
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Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IPWBICC/IFFlow Cyt (Intra)IHC-P
Human
Tested
Expected
Tested
Tested
Tested
Mouse
Predicted
Expected
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Rat
Predicted
Expected
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Predicted
Predicted

Species

Mouse, Rat

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Expected
Expected

Species

Mouse, Rat, Human

Dilution info

Use at an assay dependent concentration.

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species

Mouse, Rat

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

ab199376 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Low endotoxin, Azide free), is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.

Predicted
Predicted

Species

Mouse, Rat

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Predicted
Predicted

Species

Mouse, Rat

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Target data

Function

Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunbit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.

Alternative names

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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal COX IV antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

Alternative names

Key facts

Isotype

IgG

Form

Liquid

Clonality

Monoclonal

Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Carrier free

Yes

Clone number

EPR9442(ABC)

Purification technique

Affinity purification Protein A

Concentration
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Storage

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

+4°C

Storage information

Do Not Freeze

Notes

ab231168 is the carrier-free version of ab202554.

Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.

This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.

Supplementary info

Biological function summary

COX IV acts as a significant part of the cytochrome c oxidase complex helping catalyze the reduction of oxygen to water. This process is an important step in the overall mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. COX IV's role in this complex enables the proton gradient generation across the inner mitochondrial membrane which is necessary for ATP synthesis. Its activity regulates the efficiency of cellular respiration impacting energy production and metabolic activities within cells.

Activity summary

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV commonly known as COX IV is a component of the enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. COX IV has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa and serves as a subunit of the larger cytochrome c oxidase complex which is essential in cellular respiration. As a mitochondrial marker COX IV is expressed in various tissues where it acts as an important player in the electron transport chain. The presence and function of COX IV are critical in facilitating the last step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Pathways

COX IV functionally interacts within the oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways. Its coordination with other proteins like COX I and COX II in the cytochrome c oxidase complex ensures proper electron transfer to oxygen. Additionally COX IV is implicated in the regulation of reactive oxygen species maintaining cellular homeostasis. These pathways interconnect with broader cellular mechanisms that involve energy metabolism and apoptosis.

Associated diseases and disorders

COX IV has been linked to mitochondrial disorders where defects in the oxidative phosphorylation processes can lead to conditions such as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Abnormalities in COX IV function and expression can also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. Here interactions with proteins like superoxide dismutase (SOD) highlight how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction relate closely to disease progression. These associations underline the importance of COX IV in maintaining cellular and organismal health.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.

10 product images

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized HepG2 (Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma) cells labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green).

    Cytoplasmic staining on HepG2 cells is observed.

    The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).

    Tubulin is detected with ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution and ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution (red).

    The negative controls are as follows:
    -ve control 1: ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution followed by ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution.
    -ve control 2: ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution followed by ab150077 (Alexa Fluor®488 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L) at 1/500 dilution.

    This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab202554).

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    This ICC data was generated using the same anti-COX IV antibody clone, EPR9442(ABC), in a different buffer formulation (cat# ab202554).

    Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized HeLa (Human epithelial cells from cervix adenocarcinoma) cells labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green).

    Cytoplasmic staining on HeLa cells is observed.

    The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).

    Tubulin is detected with ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution and ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution (red).

    The negative controls are as follows:
    -ve control 1: ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution followed by ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution.
    -ve control 2: ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution followed by ab150077 (Alexa Fluor®488 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L) at 1/500 dilution.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    This IHC data was generated using the same anti-COX IV antibody clone, EPR9442(ABC), in a different buffer formulation (cat# ab202554).

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.

    Cytoplasmic staining on Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue is observed.

    Counter stained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human cervix carcinoma tissue labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.

    Cytoplasmic staining on Human cervix carcinoma tissue is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.

    This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab202554).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunoprecipitation - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    COX IV was immunoprecipitated from 1mg of Human fetal heart whole cell lysate with ab202554 at 1/20 dilution.

    Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution.

    VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (ab131366) was used for detection at 1/1500 dilution.

    Lane 1: Human fetal heart whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).

    Lane 2: ab202554 IP in Human fetal heart whole cell lysate.

    Lane 3: Rabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730) instead of ab202554 in Human fetal heart whole cell lysate.
    Blocking and dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.

    Exposure time: 3 seconds.

    This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab202554).

    All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control (AB202554)

    Predicted band size: 19 kDa, 22 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse kidney tissue labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.

    Cytoplasmic staining on mouse kidney tissue is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.

    This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab202554).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat cardiac muscle tissue labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.

    Cytoplasmic staining on Human cervix carcinoma tissue is observed.

    Counter stained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.

    This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab202554).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 2% paraformaldehyde-fixed MCF7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells labeling COX IV with ab202554 at 1/20 dilution (red) compared with a rabbit monoclonal IgG isotype control (ab172730; black) and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody; blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (FITC) at 1/150 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

    This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab202554).

  • Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human endometrium tissue labeling BCAT2 with ab309514 at 1/5000
    Panel A: merged staining of anti-BCAT2 (green; Opal™520) and anti-COX IV (red; Opal™570) on human endometrium.
    Panel B: anti-BCAT2 stained on mitochondria.
    Panel C: anti-COX IV stained on mitochondria.

    The section was incubated in two rounds of staining: in the order of ab309514 and ab231168 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.

    The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope. Counterstained with DAPI.
    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution 1) for 20 mins

  • Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168), expandable thumbnail

    Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - BSA and Azide free (ab231168)

    Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human breast carcinoma tissue labeling BCAT2 with ab309514 at 1/5000
    Panel A: merged staining of anti-BCAT2 (green; Opal™520) and anti-COX IV (red; Opal™570) on human breast carcinoma.
    Panel B: anti-BCAT2 stained on mitochondria.
    Panel C: anti-COX IV stained on mitochondria.

    The section was incubated in two rounds of staining: in the order of ab309514 and ab231168 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.

    The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope. Counterstained with DAPI.
    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution 1) for 20 mins

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