Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal COX IV antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P, mIHC and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
IP | WB | ICC/IF | Flow Cyt (Intra) | IHC-P | mIHC | |
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Human | Tested | Expected | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Predicted | Expected | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Rat | Predicted | Expected | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat, Human | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes ab199376 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Low endotoxin, Azide free), is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
COX4, COX4I1, Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, COX IV-1
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal COX IV antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P, mIHC and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
ab231168 is the carrier-free version of Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554.
Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
Compatibility
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV commonly known as COX IV is a component of the enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. COX IV has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa and serves as a subunit of the larger cytochrome c oxidase complex which is essential in cellular respiration. As a mitochondrial marker COX IV is expressed in various tissues where it acts as an important player in the electron transport chain. The presence and function of COX IV are critical in facilitating the last step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
COX IV acts as a significant part of the cytochrome c oxidase complex helping catalyze the reduction of oxygen to water. This process is an important step in the overall mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. COX IV's role in this complex enables the proton gradient generation across the inner mitochondrial membrane which is necessary for ATP synthesis. Its activity regulates the efficiency of cellular respiration impacting energy production and metabolic activities within cells.
COX IV functionally interacts within the oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways. Its coordination with other proteins like COX I and COX II in the cytochrome c oxidase complex ensures proper electron transfer to oxygen. Additionally COX IV is implicated in the regulation of reactive oxygen species maintaining cellular homeostasis. These pathways interconnect with broader cellular mechanisms that involve energy metabolism and apoptosis.
COX IV has been linked to mitochondrial disorders where defects in the oxidative phosphorylation processes can lead to conditions such as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Abnormalities in COX IV function and expression can also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. Here interactions with proteins like superoxide dismutase (SOD) highlight how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction relate closely to disease progression. These associations underline the importance of COX IV in maintaining cellular and organismal health.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
COX IV Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized HepG2 (Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma) cells labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green).
Cytoplasmic staining on HepG2 cells is observed.
The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Tubulin is detected with Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution and Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution (red).
The negative controls are as follows:
-ve control 1: Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution.
-ve control 2: Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077 (Alexa Fluor®488 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L) at 1/500 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
COX IV Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
This ICC data was generated using the same anti-COX IV antibody clone, EPR9442(ABC), in a different buffer formulation (cat# Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized HeLa (Human epithelial cells from cervix adenocarcinoma) cells labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green).
Cytoplasmic staining on HeLa cells is observed.
The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Tubulin is detected with Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution and Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution (red).
The negative controls are as follows:
-ve control 1: Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120 (AlexaFluor®594 Goat anti-Mouse secondary) at 1/500 dilution.
-ve control 2: Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291 (anti-Tubulin mouse mAb) at 1/1000 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077 (Alexa Fluor®488 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L) at 1/500 dilution.
COX IV Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
This IHC data was generated using the same anti-COX IV antibody clone, EPR9442(ABC), in a different buffer formulation (cat# Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.
Cytoplasmic staining on Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue is observed.
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
COX IV Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human cervix carcinoma tissue labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.
Cytoplasmic staining on Human cervix carcinoma tissue is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
COX IV was immunoprecipitated from 1mg of Human fetal heart whole cell lysate with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/20 dilution.
Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/1000 dilution.
VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366) was used for detection at 1/1500 dilution.
Lane 1: Human fetal heart whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
Lane 2: Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 IP in Human fetal heart whole cell lysate.
Lane 3: Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 in Human fetal heart whole cell lysate.
Blocking and dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time: 3 seconds.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554)
Predicted band size: 19 kDa, 22 kDa
COX IV Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse kidney tissue labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.
Cytoplasmic staining on mouse kidney tissue is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
COX IV Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat cardiac muscle tissue labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.
Cytoplasmic staining on Human cervix carcinoma tissue is observed.
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
COX IV Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) staining using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 2% paraformaldehyde-fixed MCF7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells labeling COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/20 dilution (red) compared with a rabbit monoclonal IgG isotype control (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730; black) and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody; blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (FITC) at 1/150 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
COX IV Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining of Human breast carcinoma using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human breast carcinoma tissue labeling BCAT2 with Anti-BCAT2 antibody [EPR27488-91] ab309514 at 1/5000
Panel A: merged staining of anti-BCAT2 (green; Opal™520) and anti-COX IV (red; Opal™570) on human breast carcinoma.
Panel B: anti-BCAT2 stained on mitochondria.
Panel C: anti-COX IV stained on mitochondria.
The section was incubated in two rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-BCAT2 antibody [EPR27488-91] ab309514 and ab231168 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope. Counterstained with DAPI.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution 1) for 20 mins
COX IV Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining of Human endometrium using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human endometrium tissue labeling BCAT2 with Anti-BCAT2 antibody [EPR27488-91] ab309514 at 1/5000
Panel A: merged staining of anti-BCAT2 (green; Opal™520) and anti-COX IV (red; Opal™570) on human endometrium.
Panel B: anti-BCAT2 stained on mitochondria.
Panel C: anti-COX IV stained on mitochondria.
The section was incubated in two rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-BCAT2 antibody [EPR27488-91] ab309514 and ab231168 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope. Counterstained with DAPI.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution 1) for 20 mins
COX IV Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining of Human cardiac muscle tissue using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human cardiac muscle staining of GPT2 with Anti-GPT2 antibody [EPR29176-18] ab322261 at a 1/2000 (0.261 µg/ml) dilution and COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/500 (0.228 µg/ml) dilution followed by a ready to use secondary antibody Opal Polymer HRP Ms + Rb.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-GPT2 (green; Opal™570) and anti-COX IV (magenta; Opal™520) on human cardiac muscle.
Panel B: anti-GPT2 showed granular staining in human cardiac muscle.
Panel C: ant-COX IV showed granular staining in human cardiac muscle.
Panel D: Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-GPT2 antibody [EPR29176-18] ab322261 and Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins
COX IV Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining of Human kidney tissue using rabbit Anti-COX IV antibody
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554).
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human kidney staining of GPT2 with Anti-GPT2 antibody [EPR29176-18] ab322261 at a 1/2000 (0.261 µg/ml) dilution and COX IV with Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 at 1/500 (0.228 µg/ml) dilution followed by a ready to use secondary antibody Opal Polymer HRP Ms + Rb.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-GPT2 (green; Opal™570) and anti-COX IV (magenta; Opal™520) on human kidney.
Panel B: anti-GPT2 showed granular staining in human kidney.
Panel C: ant-COX IV showed granular staining in human kidney.
Panel D: Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-GPT2 antibody [EPR29176-18] ab322261 and Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control ab202554 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins
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