Anti-COX IV antibody [mAbcam33985] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab33985) is a mouse monoclonal antibody that is used to detect COX IV in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, ICC/IF. Suitable for Cow, Human, Mouse, Xenopus laevis samples.
- Over 120 publications
- Trusted since 2007
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 6.97% L-Arginine
Flow Cyt (Intra) | WB | ICC/IF | |
---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Expected | Tested | Expected |
Rat | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
African green monkey | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Chimpanzee | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Chinese hamster | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Cow | Expected | Tested | Expected |
Drosophila C virus | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Monkey | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Sheep | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Xenopus laevis | Expected | Tested | Expected |
Zebrafish | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1 µg for 106 Cells | Notes ab170190 - Mouse monoclonal IgG1, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Xenopus laevis, Cow | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat, Sheep, Chimpanzee, Monkey, Zebrafish, African green monkey, Chinese hamster, Drosophila C virus | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Xenopus laevis | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Cow | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat, Sheep, Chimpanzee, Monkey, Zebrafish, African green monkey, Chinese hamster, Drosophila C virus | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Xenopus laevis, Cow | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat, Sheep, Chimpanzee, Monkey, Zebrafish, African green monkey, Chinese hamster, Drosophila C virus | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
COX4, COX4I1, Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, COX IV-1
Anti-COX IV antibody [mAbcam33985] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab33985) is a mouse monoclonal antibody that is used to detect COX IV in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, ICC/IF. Suitable for Cow, Human, Mouse, Xenopus laevis samples.
- Over 120 publications
- Trusted since 2007
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 6.97% L-Arginine
Want a custom formulation?
This antibody clone is manufactured by Abcam. If you require a custom buffer formulation or conjugation for your experiments, please contact orders@abcam.com
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV commonly known as COX IV is a component of the enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. COX IV has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa and serves as a subunit of the larger cytochrome c oxidase complex which is essential in cellular respiration. As a mitochondrial marker COX IV is expressed in various tissues where it acts as an important player in the electron transport chain. The presence and function of COX IV are critical in facilitating the last step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
COX IV acts as a significant part of the cytochrome c oxidase complex helping catalyze the reduction of oxygen to water. This process is an important step in the overall mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. COX IV's role in this complex enables the proton gradient generation across the inner mitochondrial membrane which is necessary for ATP synthesis. Its activity regulates the efficiency of cellular respiration impacting energy production and metabolic activities within cells.
COX IV functionally interacts within the oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways. Its coordination with other proteins like COX I and COX II in the cytochrome c oxidase complex ensures proper electron transfer to oxygen. Additionally COX IV is implicated in the regulation of reactive oxygen species maintaining cellular homeostasis. These pathways interconnect with broader cellular mechanisms that involve energy metabolism and apoptosis.
COX IV has been linked to mitochondrial disorders where defects in the oxidative phosphorylation processes can lead to conditions such as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Abnormalities in COX IV function and expression can also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. Here interactions with proteins like superoxide dismutase (SOD) highlight how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction relate closely to disease progression. These associations underline the importance of COX IV in maintaining cellular and organismal health.
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All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody [mAbcam33985] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab33985) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Crude extract prepared from Xenopus laevis egg at 15 µg
Lane 2: Cytosol lysate prepared from Xenopus laevis egg extract at 15 µg
Lane 3: Total membrane lysate prepared from Xenopus laevis egg extract at 15 µg
All lanes: HRP conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG at 1/4000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 19 kDa
Observed band size: 15 kDa
Exposure time: 90min
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody [mAbcam33985] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab33985) at 1/1000 dilution
All lanes: cow liver membrane at 15 µg with Milk
All lanes: Goat Anti-mouse IgG HRP at 1/5000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 19 kDa
Exposure time: 17hr
ICC/IF image of ab33985 stained human HeLa cells. The cells were PFA fixed (10 min), permabilised in TBS-T (20 min) and incubated with the antibody (ab33985, 1μg/ml) for 1h at room temperature. 1%BSA / 10% normal serum / 0.3M glycine was used to quench autofluorescence and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody [mAbcam33985] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab33985) at 1 µg/mL
Lane 1: Jurkat (Human T cell lymphoblast-like cell line) Whole Cell Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: HepG2 (Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line) Whole Cell Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 3: Human skeletal muscle tissue lysate - total protein (ab29330) at 10 µg
Lane 4: Skeletal Muscle (Mouse) Tissue Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 5: Kidney (Cow) Tissue Lysate (ab29073) at 10 µg
All lanes: Goat polyclonal to Mouse IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/3000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 19 kDa
Observed band size: 15 kDa
Exposure time: 1min
Overlay histogram showing HeLa cells stained with ab33985 (red line). The cells were fixed with 80% methanol (5 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (ab33985, 1μg/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 22°C. The secondary antibody used was DyLight® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96879) at 1/500 dilution for 30 min at 22°C. Isotype control antibody (black line) was mouse IgG1 [ICIGG1] (Mouse IgG1, Kappa Monoclonal [B11/6] - Isotype Control ab91353, 2μg/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >5,000 events was performed.
ab33985 staining COX IV in human proximal tubular epithelial cells by ICC/IF (Immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence). Cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS and blocked with 3% BSA for 15 minutes at 20°C. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/200 in PBS) for 45 minutes at 20°C. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (FITC) ab6785, a FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) polyclonal was used as the secondary antibody (1/1000).
ab33985 staining COX IV in HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cells by ICC/IF (Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence). Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% TritonX-100. Samples were incubated with primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution (1μg/ml). An Alexa Fluor®594 Goat anti-mouse (Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120) was used as a secondary antibody at 1:1000 dilution (2 μg/ml). Cells were counterstained with anti-Cyclophilin F (Anti-Cyclophilin F antibody [EPR11311-121] ab231155, 5.5μg/ml) and AlexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077, 2μg/ml). DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain. ab33985 was used for negative control 1 at 1:1000 dilution (1μg/ml). For negative control 2, Anti-Cyclophilin F antibody [EPR11311-121] ab231155 was used at a 1:100 dilution (5.5μg/ml) and Donkey Anti-Goat IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150129 was used as a secondary antibody at 1:1000 dilution (2μg/ml). Confocal image showing mitochondrial staining in HeLa cell line.
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% TritonX-100 permeabilized Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cells labelling HMGCS2 with Anti-HMGCS2 antibody [EPR26978-39] ab305227 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 dilution (Green). Confocal image showing mitochondrial staining in Caco-2 cells.Negative control: HCT 116 (PMID: 28468827).The image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8). is observed. ab33985 Anti-COX IV mouse monoclonal antibody - Mitochondrial Marker was used to counterstain tubulin at 1/1000 dilution (Red). The Nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).
Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 dilution.
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