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Anti-COX 4 rabbit polyclonal antibody that is used in COX IV Western blot, IHC, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat and other species.

- Cited in >270 publications


Images

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (AB16056), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (AB16056), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (AB16056), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (AB16056), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (AB16056), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Polyclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Consider this alternative

Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IHC-PWBICC/IFIHC-Fr
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Expected
Mouse
Expected
Tested
Expected
Expected
Rat
Expected
Tested
Expected
Expected
African green monkey
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Chimpanzee
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Chinese hamster
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Monkey
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Potato
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Xenopus laevis
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1 µg/mL
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Chimpanzee, Monkey, Chinese hamster, Potato, African green monkey, Xenopus laevis
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Mouse
Dilution info
0.5 µg/mL
Notes

-

Species
Rat
Dilution info
0.5 µg/mL
Notes

-

Species
Human
Dilution info
0.5 µg/mL
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Chimpanzee, Monkey, Chinese hamster, Potato, African green monkey, Xenopus laevis
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1 µg/mL
Notes

-

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Chimpanzee, Monkey, Chinese hamster, Potato, African green monkey, Xenopus laevis
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat, Human
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Chimpanzee, Monkey, Chinese hamster, Potato, African green monkey, Xenopus laevis
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Associated Products

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4 products for Alternative Product

Target data

Function

Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.

Alternative names

Recommended products

Anti-COX 4 rabbit polyclonal antibody that is used in COX IV Western blot, IHC, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat and other species.

- Cited in >270 publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Polyclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Purification technique
Affinity purification Immunogen
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

Product Specifications

Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) is a rabbit polyclonal antibody and is validated for use in ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, WB in african green monkey, chinese hamster, human, mouse, potato, rat, xenopus laevis samples.
COX IV antibodies are often used as loading controls in Western Blot. Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control has been verified in Western Blot samples and detects a band at 17kDa Molecular weight.
Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) specifically detects COX IV (UniProt ID: P13073; Molecular weight: 17kDa) and is sold in 100 µg and 250 µg selling sizes.

Quality and Validation

Abcam's high quality validation processes ensure Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) has high sensitivity and specificity.
Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) has been cited over 272 times in peer reviewed journals and is trusted by the scientific community.
Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) has 32 independent reviews from customers.

Target Information

COX IV, also known as cytochrome c oxidase, is a critical mitochondrial enzyme involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the respiratory chain. The COX IV molecular weight is approximately 17 kDa. Dysfunction in COX IV is linked to mitochondrial disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its disease relevance. Understanding COX IV's role in key pathways, such as electron transport and ATP synthesis, is essential for developing targeted therapies for these conditions.

This antibody makes an effective loading control for mitochondria. COX IV is generally expressed at a consistent high level. However, be aware that many proteins run at the same 16kD size as COX IV - our VDAC1 / Porin antibody makes a good alternative mitochondrial loading control for proteins of this size. Some caution is required when using this antibody as a loading control as COXIV expression can vary under some manipulations. An alternative mitochondrial loading control is Mouse monoclonal to COX IV antibody [20E8] (Anti-COX IV antibody [20E8C12] ab14744).

Abcam is leading the way to address reproducibility in scientific research with our highly validated recombinant monoclonal and recombinant multiclonal antibodies. Search & select one of Abcam's thousands of recombinant alternatives to eliminate batch-variability and unnecessary animal use.

If you do not find a host species to meet your needs, our catalogue and custom Chimeric range provides scientists the specificity of Abcam's RabMAbs in the species backbone of your choice. Remember to also review our range of edited cell lines, proteins and biochemicals relevant to your target that may help you further your research goals.

Abcam antibodies are extensively validated in a wide range of species and applications, so please check the reagent specifications meet your scientific needs before purchasing. If you have any questions or bespoke requirements, simply visit the Contact Us page to send us an inquiry or contact our Support Team ahead of purchase.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV commonly known as COX IV is a component of the enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. COX IV has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa and serves as a subunit of the larger cytochrome c oxidase complex which is essential in cellular respiration. As a mitochondrial marker COX IV is expressed in various tissues where it acts as an important player in the electron transport chain. The presence and function of COX IV are critical in facilitating the last step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Biological function summary

COX IV acts as a significant part of the cytochrome c oxidase complex helping catalyze the reduction of oxygen to water. This process is an important step in the overall mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. COX IV's role in this complex enables the proton gradient generation across the inner mitochondrial membrane which is necessary for ATP synthesis. Its activity regulates the efficiency of cellular respiration impacting energy production and metabolic activities within cells.

Pathways

COX IV functionally interacts within the oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways. Its coordination with other proteins like COX I and COX II in the cytochrome c oxidase complex ensures proper electron transfer to oxygen. Additionally COX IV is implicated in the regulation of reactive oxygen species maintaining cellular homeostasis. These pathways interconnect with broader cellular mechanisms that involve energy metabolism and apoptosis.

Associated diseases and disorders

COX IV has been linked to mitochondrial disorders where defects in the oxidative phosphorylation processes can lead to conditions such as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Abnormalities in COX IV function and expression can also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. Here interactions with proteins like superoxide dismutase (SOD) highlight how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction relate closely to disease progression. These associations underline the importance of COX IV in maintaining cellular and organismal health.

Product promise

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11 product images

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    ab16056 staining COX IV in HeLa cells. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min), permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1%PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at 4°C with ab16056 at 1µg/ml and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291, Mouse monoclonal [DM1A] to alpha Tubulin - Loading Control. Cells were then incubated with Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081, Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Rabbit IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488), pre-adsorbed at 1/1000 dilution (shown in green) and Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) preadsorbed ab150120, Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Mouse IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594), pre-adsorbed at 1/1000 dilution (shown in pseudocolour red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue).Also suitable in cells fixed with 100% methanol (5 min).
    Image was acquired with a high-content analyser (Operetta CLS, Perkin Elmer) and a maximum intensity projection of confocal sections is shown.

  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    Blocking buffer: 2% BSA

    Gel type: MES

    Exposure Time: 1 minute

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) at 1 µg/mL

    Lane 1: Human skeletal muscle tissue lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 2: Rat skeletal muscle tissue at 10 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/50000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 19 kDa

    Observed band size: 17 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    Blocking buffer: 2% BSA

    Gel type: MES

    Exposure Time: 1 minute

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) at 1 µg/mL

    Lane 1: Human skeletal muscle tissue lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 2: Human heart tissue lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 3: Mouse skeletal muscle tissue lysate at 10 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/50000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 19 kDa

    Observed band size: 17 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) at 1 µg/mL

    Lane 1: Human brain tissue lysate - total protein (ab29466) at 10 µg

    Lane 2: Human liver tissue lysate - total protein (ab29889) at 10 µg

    Lane 3: Human heart tissue lysate - total protein (ab29431) at 10 µg

    Lane 4: Human skeletal muscle tissue lysate - total protein (ab29330) at 10 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) preadsorbed (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) preadsorbed ab7090) at 1/3000 dilution

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 19 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail
    This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer review

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    ab16056 staining COX IV in Mouse heart tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P - paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde and blocked with 5% serum for 1 hour at 21°C; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation in a citrate buffer. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/600 ) for 12 hours at 4°C. A Cy5® donkey anti-rabbit secondary antibody was used as the secondary antibody.

  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) at 0.38 µg/mL

    Lane 1: Hela whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: Human skeletal muscle cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 3: Hela whole cell lysate at 20 µg with Human COX IV peptide (ab16381)

    Lane 4: Human skeletal muscle cell lysate at 20 µg with Human COX IV peptide (ab16381)

    Secondary

    All lanes: HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG at 1/10000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 19 kDa

    Observed band size: 15 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    IHC image of COXIV staining in human liver FFPE section, performed on a BondTM system using the standard protocol F. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. The section was then incubated with ab16056, 1µg/ml, for 8 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail
    This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer review.

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    ab16056 staining COX IV in breast tumour tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P - paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with 10% buffered formalin and blocked with 5% serum for 60 minutes at 21°C; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation in a 10mM sodium citrate buffer pH6. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/300 in blocking buffer) for 12 hours at 4°C. An Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal (1/200) was used as the secondary antibody.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail
    This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer review

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    Immunohistochemistry analysis (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) of paraformaldehyde fixed human brain tissue. Stained with ab16056 at 1/150 dilution. Secondary antibody used was EnVision+ System- HRP Labelled Polymer anti rabbit. Blocking was done with 5% serum for 1 hour at 21°C. The sample was incubated with the primary antibody and 5% normal goat serum for 19 hours at 4°C. Antigen retrieval method was heat mediated Citrate pH 6.0

  • Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail
    This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer review

    Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056) at 1/3000 dilution

    All lanes: mouse heart whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Goat Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody at 1/1000 dilution

    Developed using the ECL technique.

    Exposure time: 30s

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056), expandable thumbnail
    This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer review

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-COX IV antibody - Mitochondrial Loading Control (ab16056)

    Immunohistochemistry analysis (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) of paraformaldehyde fixed mouse heart tissue. Stained with ab16056 at 1/500 dilution.
    Secondary antibody used was EnVision+ System- HRP Labelled Polymer anti rabbit. Blocking was done with 5% serum for 1 hour at 21°C. The sample was incubated with the primary antibody and 5% normal goat serum for 19 hours at 4°C. Antigen retrieval method was heat mediated Citrate pH 6.0

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Product protocols

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