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Proteins and peptidesAnti-Ly6g antibody [1A8] - mouse IgG2c (Chimeric)
Low endotoxin, Azide free.
Our first-to-market chimera with mouse IgG2c backbone, this functional antibody specifically depletes neutrophils in vivo for up to 72h.
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Rabbit Monoclonal COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples. Cited in 127 publications.
IgG
Rabbit
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
IP | Flow Cyt | WB | ICC/IF | IHC-P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Not recommended | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Expected | Not recommended | Tested | Expected | Tested |
Rat | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended | Tested |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/10 - 1/100 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/1000 - 1/5000 | Notes For western blot application, this antibody has low sensitivity issue. We suggest optimizing experimental protocols (increasing lysate amount, using lower antibody dilution or higher sensitivity ECL substrate) to improve results. We also recommend ab283574 as an alternative for testing COX2 in western blot. |
Species Human | Dilution info 1/1000 - 1/5000 | Notes For western blot application, this antibody has low sensitivity issue. We suggest optimizing experimental protocols (increasing lysate amount, using lower antibody dilution or higher sensitivity ECL substrate) to improve results. We also recommend ab283574 as an alternative for testing COX2 in western blot. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes For western blot application, this antibody has low sensitivity issue. We suggest optimizing experimental protocols (increasing lysate amount, using lower antibody dilution or higher sensitivity ECL substrate) to improve results. We also recommend ab283574 as an alternative for testing COX2 in western blot. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/100 - 1/4000 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/100 - 1/4000 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 - 1/4000 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:9261177, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity).
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, Cyclooxygenase-2, PHS II, Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, COX-2, PGH synthase 2, PGHS-2, COX2, PTGS2
Rabbit Monoclonal COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples. Cited in 127 publications.
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, Cyclooxygenase-2, PHS II, Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, COX-2, PGH synthase 2, PGHS-2, COX2, PTGS2
IgG
Rabbit
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
EPR12012
Affinity purification Protein A
Stimulation is required to allow detection of the COX2 protein in some cell lines and tissues. It is better to use a positive control side by side when testing.
Rat species is recommended based on IHC result, we do not guarantee WB, IP and ICC/IF for Rat. For western blot application, this antibody has low sensitivity issue. We suggest optimizing experimental protocols (increasing lysate amount, using lower antibody dilution or higher sensitivity ECL substrate) to improve results. We also recommend ab283574 as an alternative for testing COX2 in western blot.
Blue Ice
1-2 weeks
+4°C
-20°C
Upon delivery aliquot
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
COX2 plays a significant role in the inflammatory response and is part of the complex process of synthesizing prostaglandins. These compounds mediate inflammation and pain making COX2 an important target for understanding these processes. COX2 is not ubiquitously expressed but rather is induced in activated macrophages and other cells during inflammatory conditions. Its function is also important for normal physiological processes like ovulation and implantation.
Cyclooxygenase 2 also known as COX2 is an enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins which are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects. It has alternative names including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. The molecular weight of COX2 is approximately 72 kDa. This enzyme is expressed in various tissues including the brain kidneys and areas of inflammation. COX2 expression increases during inflammatory responses and is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
COX2 is essential in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway connecting it to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Cyclooxygenase 2 works with phospholipase A2 which releases arachidonic acid from the phospholipid membrane. COX2 then converts this acid to prostaglandin H2 a precursor for other prostaglandins. COX1 the other isoform of cyclooxygenase is closely related to COX2 and while they have different expression patterns they share some functional similarities in these pathways.
COX2 is connected to inflammatory conditions like arthritis and cancer. Its expression often increases in various cancer types contributing to tumor growth and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and suppressing immune responses. The enzyme is also linked to rheumatoid arthritis where its overexpression exacerbates inflammation. COX2 inhibitors like ketorolac tromethamine or naproxen structure mitigate symptoms by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. These inhibitors also interact with COX1 but selective inhibition of COX2 targets inflammation more effectively with fewer gastric side effects associated with COX1 inhibition.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.
In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of mouse kidney tissue sections labeling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with purified ab179800 at 1/4000 dilution (0.125 µg/ml).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control: secondary antibody only control. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence analysis of U-87 MG (human glioblastoma-astrocytoma epithelial cell) cells labeling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with ab179800 at 1/50 dilution. ab150077 (AlexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit) at 1/1000 was used as secondary antibody. Cells were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 0.1% TritonX-100. ab195889, Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) at 1/200 was used as counterstain. Nuclie were stained blue with DAPI.
Confocal image showing cytoplasmic staining in U-87 MG cell line.
Negative control: MCF7 (PMID: 18199541)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of mouse liver tissue sections labeling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with purified ab179800 at 1/4000 dilution (0.125 µg/ml).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) was used as the secondary antibody. Negative control: secondary antibody only control. Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human colonic carcinoma tissue labelling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with unpurified ab179800 at a dilution of 1/250.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
ab179800 (purified) at 1/30 immunoprecipitating COX2 in A549 whole cell lysate.
Lane 1 (input): A549 whole cell lysate (10μg)
Lane 2 (+): ab179800 + A549 whole cell lysate.
Lane 3 (-): Rabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730) instead of ab179800 in A549 whole cell lysate.
For western blotting, HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG, specific for the reduced form of IgG, was used as the secondary antibody (1/1500).
Blocking buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM /TBST.
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] (AB179800)
Predicted band size: 69 kDa
Observed band size: 79 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded) analysis of human colon tissue labeling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with unpurified ab179800 at a dilution of 1/250.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded) analysis of human liver tissue labelling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with unpurified ab179800 at a dilution of 1/250.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Western blot analysis on immunoprecipitation pellet from A549 cell lysate using unpurified ab179800.
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] (AB179800)
Predicted band size: 69 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of rat kidney tissue labelling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with purified ab179800 at 1/100. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9. ab97051, a HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) was used as the secondary antibody (1/500). Negative control using PBS instead of primary antibody. Counterstained with hematoxylin.
False colour image of Western blot: Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] (ab8245) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab179800 was shown to bind specifically to COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2. A band was observed at 75 kDa in wild-type A549 cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in PTGS2 knockout cell line ab280802 (knockout cell lysate ab283825). To generate this image, wild-type and PTGS2 knockout A549 cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] (AB179800) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type A549 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: PTGS2 knockout A549 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: U-87 MG cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: MOLT-4 cell lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 69 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human lung carcinoma tissue labelling COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 with purified ab179800 at 1/100. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9. ab97051, a HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) was used as the secondary antibody (1/500). Negative control using PBS instead of primary antibody. Counterstained with hematoxylin.
Blocking buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST
Diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST
COX2 is expressed at a low level in Raw264.7, mouse retina, hippocampus, heart, kidney etc. (PMID: 22015457, PMID: 26001832, PMID: 23045674, PMID: 33737575).
The WB is using a higher sensitivity ECL substrate.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] (AB179800) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: B16-F10 (Mouse skin melanoma) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Raw 264.7 (Mouse Abelson murine leukemia virus-induced tumor macrophage) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Mouse retina tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Mouse hippocampus tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 5: Mouse heart tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 6: Mouse kidney tissue lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (AB97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 69 kDa
Observed band size: 72 kDa
Exposure time: 60s
Blocking buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST
Diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST
COX2 is expressed at a low level in Raw264.7, mouse retina, hippocampus, heart, kidney etc. (PMID: 22015457, PMID: 26001832, PMID: 23045674, PMID: 33737575).
Compared with ab179800, ab283574 has higher sensitivity, we recommend ab283574 as an alternative for testing COX2 in western blot.
ab181602 was used as a loading control at a 1/1000000 dilution.
Blocking and dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Lanes 1 - 3: Western blot - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] (AB179800) at 1/1000 dilution
Lanes 4 - 6: Western blot - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [RM1026] (AB283574) at 1/1000 dilution
Lanes 1 and 3: Wild-type HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lanes 2 and 4: PTGS2 knockout HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lanes 3 and 6: A549 (Human lung carcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (AB97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 69 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 180s
Western blot: Anti-PTGS2 antibody [EPR12012] (ab179800) staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] (ab8245) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab179800 was shown to bind specifically to PTGS2. A band was observed at 69 kDa in wild-type RAW 264.7 cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in PTGS2 knockout cell line. To generate this image, wild-type and PTGS2 knockout RAW 264.7 cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3% milk in TBS-0.1% Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L 800CW and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L 680RD at 1/20000 dilution.
Lanes 1 - 4: Western blot - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] (AB179800) at 1/1000 dilution
Lanes 1 - 4: Western blot - Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012] - BSA and Azide free (AB227528)
Lane 1: RAW 264.7 Control LPS (0 ng/mL, 4 h) cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: RAW 264.7 Treated LPS (100 ng/mL, 4 h) cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Wild-type A549 ab277305 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: PTGS2 knockout A549 ab283802 cell lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Observed band size: 69 kDa
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