Anti-CTP synthase/CTPS antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

CTP synthase also known as CTPS or the CTP protein is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine metabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of UTP to CTP an essential step in nucleotide biosynthesis. The enzyme exists in two isoforms CTPS1 and CTPS2 with both found in various tissues but CTPS2 has a higher expression in the brain. CTP synthase has a molecular mass of roughly 70 kDa. CTPS can assemble into filamentous structures under certain conditions influencing its enzymatic activity. These filaments sometimes referred to as cytoophidia are observed in many types of cells.

Biological function summary

CTP synthase plays a significant role in the regulation of nucleotide pools. The enzyme ensures the balance of CTP levels necessary for DNA RNA and phospholipid synthesis acting as a rate-limiting step in these processes. CTPS is part of larger enzymatic complexes that aid in cellular response to nutrient availability and DNA damage. Allosteric regulation and product feedback inhibition modulate CTP synthase activity maintaining cellular homeostasis and a proper supply of CTP for various biosynthetic pathways.

Pathways

CTP synthase is an important component in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway essential for nucleic acid and lipid metabolism. The enzyme's activity is tightly linked to the salvage pathways collaborating with enzymes like ribonucleotide reductase to regulate deoxyribonucleotide levels for DNA replication and repair. These interactions highlight the enzyme's involvement in cellular proliferation and response to metabolic stresses underpinning its regulatory function in metabolic pathways.

Associated diseases and disorders

CTP synthase activity disorders relate to cancer and neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of CTPS is associated with increased proliferation seen in certain cancers given its role in nucleotide biosynthesis. Research also indicates a link between CTPS activity and neurodegenerative diseases as nucleotide imbalance affects neural function. Additionally interactions with proteins involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis such as p53 and Rb further highlight CTPS's role in disease etiology influencing therapeutic strategies targeting these diverse conditions.