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AB319046

Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free

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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal ProDynorphin antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for Dot, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr and reacts with Synthetic peptide - Mouse, Mouse, Rat samples.

View Alternative Names

Proenkephalin-B, Beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin, Preprodynorphin

12 Images
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • ICC/IF

Supplier Data

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% TritonX-100 permeabilized mouse hippocampal neuron cells labelling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution, followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 2 ug/ml dilution (Green).

Confocal image showing positive staining in mouse hippocampus neurons (shown in green). The counterstain was observed in magenta. Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue). Confocal scanning Z step was set as 0.3 μm followed by image processing with maximum Z projection. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

ab11267 Anti-MAP2 mouse monoclonal antibody was used to counterstain tubulin at 1/500 4ug/ml dilution (Magenta). The Nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/ml dilution.

-ve control 1 : ab319045 at 1/50 dilution, followed by ab150120 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594) antibody at 1/1000 dilution. -ve control 2 : ab11267 at 1/500 dilution, followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 dilution.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse liver tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/500 (1.02 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Negative control : No staining in mouse liver.
The section was incubated with ab319045 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat liver tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/500 (1.02 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Negative control : No staining in rat liver.
The section was incubated with ab319045 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-Fr

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% PFA-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100 permeabilized frozen Rat liver (fresh frozen) tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution (Green).

Negative control : confocal ima ge showing no staining on rat liver. The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue). The section was incubated with ab319045 for 60 mins at room temperature. The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

Secondary antibody control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbedat 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution.

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-Fr

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% PFA-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100 permeabilized frozen Mouse liver (fresh frozen) tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution (Green).

Negative control : confocal ima ge showing no staining on mouse liver. The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue). The section was incubated with ab319045 for 60 mins at room temperature. The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

Secondary antibody control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbedat 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution.

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-Fr

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% PFA-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100 permeabilized frozen Rat hippocampus (perfused fixed) tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution (Green).

Confocal image showing positive staining on rat hippocampus. The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue). The section was incubated with ab319045 for 60 mins at room temperature. The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

Secondary antibody control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbedat 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution.

Heat mediated antigen retrieval using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20)

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-Fr

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% PFA-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100 permeabilized frozen Mouse hippocampus (perfused fixed) tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution (Green).

Confocal image showing positive staining on mouse hippocampus. The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue). The section was incubated with ab319045 for 60 mins at room temperature. The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

Secondary antibody control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbedat 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution.

Heat mediated antigen retrieval using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20)

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-Fr

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% PFA-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100 permeabilized frozen Rat hippocampus (fresh frozen) tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution (Green).

Panel A : merged staining of anti-Dynorphin A (ab319045, green), anti-NeuN (ab190565, grey) and anti-GFAP (ab201732, magenta) on rat hippocampus.
Panel B : anti-Dynorphin A stained on rat hippocampus.
Panel C : anti-NeuN stained in neurons of rat hippocampus.
Panel D : anti-GFAP stained in astrocytes of rat hippocampus.
The section was incubated in two rounds of staining : in the order of ab319045 and ab190565, ab201732 for 1 hr at room temperature. The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

Secondary antibody control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbedat 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution.

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-Fr

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% PFA-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100 permeabilized frozen Mouse hippocampus (fresh frozen) tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/50 (10.2 ug/ml) dilution followed by ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution (Green).

Panel A : merged staining of anti-Dynorphin A (ab319045, green), anti-NeuN (ab190565, grey) and anti-GFAP (ab201732, magenta) on mouse hippocampus.
Panel B : anti-Dynorphin A stained on mouse hippocampus.
Panel C : anti-NeuN stained in neurons of mouse hippocampus.
Panel D : anti-GFAP stained in astrocytes of mouse hippocampus.
The section was incubated in two rounds of staining : in the order of ab319045 and ab190565, ab201732 for 1 hr at room temperature. The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument. Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

Secondary antibody control : Secondary antibody is ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbedat 1/1000 2 ug/mL dilution.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse hippocampus tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/500 (1.02 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Positive staining in mouse hippocampus.
The section was incubated with ab319045 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat hippocampus tissue labeling Dynorphin A with ab319045 at 1/500 (1.02 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Positive staining in rat hippocampus.
The section was incubated with ab319045 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Dot Blot - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)
  • Dot

Supplier Data

Dot Blot - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] - BSA and Azide free (AB319046)

This data was developed using ab319045, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.

Dot blot analysis of Dynorphin A using ab319045 at 1 : 1000 (0.51 ug/ml) followed by a Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, (H+L), Peroxidase conjugated (ab97051) at 1 : 100,000 dilution.

Lane1 : Mouse Proenkephalin-B full-length protein
Lane2 : Mouse Proenkephalin-B pro-peptide
Lane3 : Mouse Proenkephalin-B (Dynorphin A) peptide
Lane4 : Mouse Proenkephalin-B (Alpha-neoendorphin) peptide
Lane5 : Mouse Proenkephalin-B (Big dynorphin) peptide
Lane6 : Mouse Proenkephalin-B peptide

Blocking and diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST.

All lanes:

Dot Blot - Anti-Dynorphin A antibody [EPR28632-17] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/dynorphin-a-antibody-epr28632-17-ab319045'>ab319045</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Mouse Proenkephalin-B full-length protein

Lane 2:

Mouse Proenkephalin-B pro-peptide

Lane 3:

Mouse Proenkephalin-B (Dynorphin A) peptide

Lane 4:

Mouse Proenkephalin-B (Alpha-neoendorphin) peptide

Lane 5:

Mouse Proenkephalin-B (Big dynorphin) peptide

Lane 6:

Mouse Proenkephalin-B peptide

Secondary

All lanes:

Dot Blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>) at 1/100000 dilution

false

Exposure time: 180s

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

EPR28632-17

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

Yes

Reacts with

Mouse, Rat

Applications

IHC-Fr, Dot, ICC/IF, IHC-P

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Specificity

This clone works only in the hippocampus of mouse and rat. Unsuitable for rat ICC.

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "Dot" : {"fullname" : "Dot Blot", "shortname":"Dot"}, "IHCP" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections)", "shortname":"IHC-P"}, "ICCIF" : {"fullname" : "Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence", "shortname":"ICC/IF"}, "IHCFr" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections)", "shortname":"IHC-Fr"}, "WB" : {"fullname" : "Western blot", "shortname":"WB"}, "IP" : {"fullname" : "Immunoprecipitation", "shortname":"IP"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Human": { "Dot-species-checked": "notRecommended", "Dot-species-dilution-info": "", "Dot-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "", "ICCIF-species-checked": "notRecommended", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "IHCFr-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCFr-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "notRecommended", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IP-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "" }, "Mouse": { "Dot-species-checked": "guaranteed", "Dot-species-dilution-info": "", "Dot-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "<p></p>", "ICCIF-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCFr-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCFr-species-notes": "<p></p>", "WB-species-checked": "notRecommended", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IP-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "<p></p>" }, "Rat": { "Dot-species-checked": "guaranteed", "Dot-species-dilution-info": "", "Dot-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "<p></p>", "ICCIF-species-checked": "notRecommended", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCFr-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCFr-species-notes": "<p></p>", "WB-species-checked": "notRecommended", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IP-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "" }, "Synthetic peptide - Mouse": { "Dot-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "Dot-species-dilution-info": "", "Dot-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCP-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "", "ICCIF-species-checked": "notRecommended", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "IHCFr-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCFr-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "notRecommended", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "IP-species-checked": "notRecommended", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "" } } }
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Product details

ab319046 is the carrier-free version of ab319045.

Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

Compatibility
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.

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Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Constituents: PBS
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
+4°C
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Dynorphin A also known as Dynorphin-1 or Dyn A is an opioid peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter. It is part of the endorphin enkephalin and dynorphin family of opioid peptides which play significant roles in the modulation of pain and emotion. Dynorphin A consists of 17 amino acids and has a mass of approximately 2 kDa. Its expression is prominent in the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord where it interacts with kappa-opioid receptors to regulate various physiological processes.
Biological function summary

Dynorphin peptides including Dynorphin A act as modulators of nociceptive pathways influencing the perception of pain. As an agonist of kappa-opioid receptors Dynorphin A produces analgesic effects by inhibiting neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. Although it does not mainly form part of a complex Dynorphin A may stimulate the release or inhibition of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine affecting mood and stress responses.

Pathways

Several key physiological activities involve Dynorphin A. It influences the opioid system pathway where it plays important roles in pain modulation and mood regulation. Dynorphin A also interacts with the stress response pathways particularly impacting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It shares pathways with other neurotransmitters and proteins such as endorphins and enkephalins which also target opioid receptors.

Dynorphin A relates to conditions like addiction and depression. It contributes to the dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems which is a factor in these disorders. Dynorphin A modulates dopamine release involved in reward pathways influencing addiction development. In mood disorders it connects with stress hormones and peptides affecting mental health outcomes. Associations with proteins like corticotropin-releasing factor further link it to how the body manages stress potentially contributing to depressive states.
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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:
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Target data

Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress (By similarity).. Dynorphin peptides differentially regulate the kappa opioid receptor. Dynorphin A(1-13) has a typical opioid activity, it is 700 times more potent than Leu-enkephalin (By similarity).. Leumorphin has a typical opioid activity and may have anti-apoptotic effect.
See full target information Pdyn
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Product promise

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For full details, please see our Terms & Conditions

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