Name: Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]
SKU: ab218198
Rating: 5 (3 reviews)

Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect Dystrophin in Western Blot, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, mIHC. Suitable for Mouse, Rat samples.

- Specificity confirmed with Dystrophin knockout cell line validation

Related conjugates and formulations

ab230379
Carrier free
Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] - BSA and Azide free
ab313059
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 568 Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]
ab313259
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 555 Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]
ab311778
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]
ab311013
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]
ab311141
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]
ab321396
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 750 Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189]

Images

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (AB218198), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

Select an application

Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended

	mIHC	WB	IHC-Fr	IHC-P
Mouse	Tested	Tested	Tested	Tested
Rat	Expected	Tested	Tested	Tested

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info -	Notes -

Expected
Expected

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Rat	Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration.	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse, Rat	Dilution info -	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info 1/50	Notes Positive membrane staining of cardiomyocytes on mouse and Rat heart tissue section (PMID: 26430202).
Species Rat	Dilution info 1/50	Notes Positive membrane staining of cardiomyocytes on mouse and Rat heart tissue section (PMID: 26430202).

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info 1/1000	Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Species Rat	Dilution info 1/1000	Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Associated Products

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Target data

See full target information Dmd

Function

Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F-actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission.

Alternative names

Dystrophin, Dmd

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal
Immunogen: The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number: EPR21189
Purification technique: Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration

Storage

Shipped at conditions: Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration: 1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions: +4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions: -20°C
Aliquoting information: Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information: Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

What is this antibody validated in?

Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198) is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-Fr), Multiplex IHC (mIHC), in Mouse, Rat samples.

What is the molecular weight of Dystrophin?

Anti-Dystrophin [EPR21189] (ab218198) specifically detects a band for Dystrophin (UniProt: P11531) at a molecular weight of 427kDa.

Recommended positive controls

IHC-P: Mouse cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle tissue; rat colon tissue.WB: Mouse and rat heart tissue lysate.

Trial sizes available!

Test your antibody or perform pre-screening before committing to a larger quantity. Sold in 10µl. Discover our selection of trial-size antibodies. Specificity confirmed

The specificity of Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198) has been confirmed by Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) testing in Dmd Knockout Mouse Cardiac muscle samples.

Other related products

We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [EPR21189] also available for your convenience:
ab218198, Carrier free - ab230379, Alexa Fluor® 488 - ab311013, Alexa Fluor® 647 - ab311141, Alexa Fluor® 594 - ab311778, Alexa Fluor® 568 - ab313059, Alexa Fluor® 555 - ab313259, Alexa Fluor® 750 - ab321396

Patented technology
Our RabMAb^® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb^® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Dystrophin also known as the DMD protein plays a mechanical role in muscle fibers by connecting the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane. This structural connection helps reinforce the muscle fiber during contraction and mechanical stress. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 427 kDa. It is expressed mainly in skeletal and cardiac muscles where it is important for maintaining muscle integrity.

Biological function summary

Dystrophin acts as an important component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. This complex stabilizes the muscle cell membrane by linking actin filaments within the cytoskeleton to proteins in the extracellular matrix. The absence or malfunctioning of dystrophin disrupts this connection leading to increased susceptibility to damage during muscle contraction. This is especially evident in tissues where the protein is abundantly present.

Pathways

Dystrophin is integral to the structural integrity pathway in muscle cells. It works alongside proteins like dystroglycan and sarcoglycan forming a multiprotein complex that ensures cell membrane stability during muscle contractions. The proper functioning of the dystrophin complex is also linked to calcium signaling pathways highlighting its role in cellular signaling mechanisms.

Associated diseases and disorders

Dystrophin's malfunction is directly associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD). Mutations in the DMD gene which encodes the dystrophin protein result in the absence or reduced functionality of the protein leading to progressive muscle degeneration observed in DMD and BMD. These disorders frequently involve the protein utrophin which sometimes compensates for the lack of functional dystrophin albeit insufficiently to alleviate the symptoms.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
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13 product images

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical (Frozen sections) analysis of rat heart tissue useing ab218198 (1/50 dilution) to stain Dystrophin. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077 AlexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit (1/500) secondary used. DAPI used as a nuclear counter stain. Heat-mediated antigen retrieval using ab94681 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0). Fixative 4% PFA, Permeabilisation with 0.2% Triton X-100.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat colon tissue labeling Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Membranous and cytoplasmic staining in smooth muscle of rat colon (PMID: 18806224) is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical (Frozen sections) analysis of mouse heart tissue useing ab218198 (1/50 dilution) to stain Dystrophin. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077 AlexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit (1/500) secondary used. DAPI used as a nuclear counter stain. Heat-mediated antigen retrieval using ab94681 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0). Fixative 4% PFA, Permeabilisation with 0.2% Triton X-100.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse skeletal muscle tissue labeling Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Membranous staining on mouse skeletal muscle (PMID: 24793134) is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse cardiac muscle tissue labeling Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Membranous staining on mouse cardiac muscle (PMID: 24793134) is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Mouse skeletal muscle tissue staining SERCA1 ATPase with Anti-SERCA1 ATPase antibody [EPR28061-7] ab314660 at a 1/5000 (0.103 ug/ml) dilution, A2BP1 with Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 at 1/2000 (0.26 ug/ml) dilution and Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/5000 ( 0.110 ug/ml) dilution.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-SERCA1 ATPase (green; Opal™520), anti-A2BP1 (gray; Opal™570) and anti-Dystrophin (magenta; Opal™690) on mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel B: anti-SERCA1 ATPase staining cytoplasm in mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel C: anti-A2BP1 staining nucleus in mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel D: anti-Dystrophin staining membrane in mouse skeletal muscle.
Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-SERCA1 ATPase antibody [EPR28061-7] ab314660, Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 and ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND^® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded (A) Cardiac muscle tissue from wild-type C57BL/6JGpt mice (B) Cardiac muscle tissue from DMD knockout mice staining with ab218198 at 1/5000 dilution and ready-to-use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary. Counterstaining with hematoxylin. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins. Positive staining on (A) Cardiac muscle tissue from wild-type C57BL/6JGpt mice and no staining on (B) Cardiac muscle tissue from DMD knockout mice. The section was incubated with ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument
The tissue samples were kindly provided by GemPharmatech. C57BL/6JGpt wildtype mice and DMD-KO homozygous mice (Strain ID: T003035).
Western blot - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Dystrophin Western blot staining using rabbit Anti-Dystrophin antibody
Blocking and diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.

Exposure time: Lane 1-2: 180 seconds; Lane 3-4: 81 seconds.

Negative control: mouse liver and rat liver.
In Western blot, anti-Vinculin antibody (Anti-Vinculin antibody [EPR8185] - Loading Control ab129002) staining at 1/10, 000 dilution.
Samples are non-boiled as boiling may cause protein aggregation.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Mouse heart tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Mouse liver tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Rat heart tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Rat liver tissue lysate at 20 µg
Secondary
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 427 kDa
Observed band size: 425 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded (A) Skeletal muscle tissue from wild-type C57BL/6JGpt mice (B) Skeletal muscle tissue from DMD knockout mice staining with ab218198 at 1/5000 dilution and ready-to-use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary. Counterstaining with hematoxylin. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins. Positive staining on (A) Skeletal muscle tissue from wild-type C57BL/6JGpt mice and no staining on (B) Skeletal muscle tissue from DMD knockout mice.The section was incubated with ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND™ RX instrument. The tissue samples were kindly provided by GemPharmatech. C57BL/6JGpt wildtype mice and DMD-KO homozygous mice (Strain ID: T003035).The tissue samples were kindly provided by GemPharmatech. C57BL/6JGpt wildtype mice and DMD-KO homozygous mice (Strain ID: T003035).
Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Mouse cardiac muscle tissue staining Titin with Anti-Titin antibody [EPR26167-75] ab307446 at a 1/1000 ( 0.475 µg/ml) dilution, CTNNA3 with Anti-CTNNA3 antibody [EPR18307] ab184916 at 1/2000 ( 0.942 µg/ml) dilution and Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/5000 ( 0.110 µg/ml) dilution.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-Titin (gray; Opal™570), anti-CTNNA3 (green; Opal™520) and anti-Dystrophin (magenta; Opal™690) on mouse cardiac muscle.
Panel B: anti-Titin staining nucleus and cytoplasm in mouse cardiac muscle.
Panel C: anti-CTNNA3 staining intercalated discs in mouse cardiac muscle.
Panel D: anti-Dystrophin staining membrane in mouse cardiac muscle.
Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-Titin antibody [EPR26167-75] ab307446, Anti-CTNNA3 antibody [EPR18307] ab184916 and ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND^° RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0 epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Mouse skeletal muscle tissue staining Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain with Anti-Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain antibody [EPR22697-17] ab234431 at a 1/2500 dilution, A2BP1 with Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 at 1/2000 (0.26 µg/ml) dilution and Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/5000 ( 0.110 µg/ml) dilution.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain (green; Opal™520), anti-A2BP1 (gray; Opal™570) and anti-Dystrophin (magenta; Opal™690) on mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel B: anti-Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain staining slow type fibers in mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel C: anti-A2BP1 staining nucleus in mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel D: anti-Dystrophin staining membrane in mouse skeletal muscle.
Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-Slow Skeletal Myosin Heavy chain antibody [EPR22697-17] ab234431, Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 and ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND^® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0 epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Mouse cardiac muscle tissue staining Nav1.5 with Anti-Nav1.5/SCN5A antibody [EPR25136-48] ab300048 at a 1/1000 (5.12 µg/ml) dilution, A2BP1 with Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 at 1/2000 (0.26 µg/ml) dilution and Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/5000 ( 0.110 µg/ml) dilution.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-Nav1.5 (green; Opal™520), anti-A2BP1 (gray; Opal™570) and anti-Dystrophin (magenta; Opal™690) on mouse cardiac muscle.
Panel B: anti-Nav1.5 staining cytoplasm in mouse cardiac muscle.
Panel C: anti-A2BP1 staining nucleus in mouse cardiac muscle.
Panel D: anti-Dystrophin staining membrane in mouse cardiac muscle.
Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-Nav1.5/SCN5A antibody [EPR25136-48] ab300048, Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 and ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND^® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0 epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-Dystrophin antibody [EPR21189] (ab218198)
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Mouse skeletal muscle tissue staining Nav1.5 with Anti-Nav1.5/SCN5A antibody [EPR25136-48] ab300048 at a 1/1000 (5.12 µg/ml) dilution, A2BP1 with Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 at 1/2000 (0.26 µg/ml) dilution and Dystrophin with ab218198 at 1/5000 ( 0.110 µg/ml) dilution.
Panel A: merged staining of anti-Nav1.5 (green; Opal™520), anti-A2BP1 (gray; Opal™570) and anti-Dystrophin (magenta; Opal™690) on mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel B: anti-Nav1.5 staining cytoplasm in mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel C: anti-A2BP1 staining nucleus in mouse skeletal muscle.
Panel D: anti-Dystrophin staining membrane in mouse skeletal muscle.
Nuclear DNA was labeled with DAPI (shown in blue).
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-Nav1.5/SCN5A antibody [EPR25136-48] ab300048, Anti-A2BP1/Fox1/RBFOX1 antibody [EPR23656-5] ab254413 and ab218198 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND^® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0 epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins.