Anti-Enolase antibody

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The protein Enolase also known as phosphopyruvate hydratase plays an important role in the glycolysis pathway. It catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate an important step in the production of ATP. Enolase is expressed in nearly all tissues within the human body and oligomers include alpha beta and gamma isoforms. The protein has a molecular mass of approximately 82 kDa in its active form. Enolase can also exist as a component of the cytoskeletal and to a lesser extent the cell surface.

Biological function summary

The enzyme functions as part of the glycolytic complex facilitating the cellular process of deriving energy from glucose. The ability of enolase to bind substrates and metal ions makes it effective in converting metabolites needed for cellular respiration. Different isoforms of enolase have specialized roles such as the alpha isoform being ubiquitous while the beta isoform is mainly found in muscle tissues. The presence of the gamma isoform is predominant in neuronal tissues.

Pathways

Enolase is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic pathway linking to key processes in energy metabolism. The glycolytic pathway is one of the primary means by which cells harvest energy in the form of ATP. Enolase interacts closely with other glycolytic enzymes like phosphoglycerate mutase and pyruvate kinase which together facilitate efficient energy production and regulation. Through these enzymes enolase participates in the broader metabolic network that ensures cellular energy homeostasis.

The function of enolase is implicated in various pathological conditions. Abnormal levels or activity of enolase are associated with disorders such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In certain types of cancer neuro-specific enolase serves as a tumor marker and can correlate with cancer progression. Additionally enolase's gamma isoform associates with conditions like Alzheimer's disease suggesting that its altered expression may contribute to neuronal degeneration. The interplay with proteins like tau further elucidates enolase's role in these conditions highlighting its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.