FITC Anti-Neutrophil antibody [7/4]

Supplementary info

Activity summary

Neutrophils also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes are a type of white blood cell essential in the immune response. These cells make up around 50-70% of the total white blood cells in human circulation. Neutrophils express various surface markers including Ly6B.2 and NIMP-R14 which are important for their identification. The typical lifespan of neutrophils is short about 6 to 24 hours and they have an approximate mass of 1.4 x 10^-12 g per cell. Neutrophils primarily reside in the bloodstream but can migrate into tissues during inflammation or infection.

Biological function summary

Neutrophils play a central role in innate immunity by engulfing and destroying pathogens through phagocytosis. They exist as part of a network with other immune cells and contribute to the release of enzymes and reactive oxygen species to combat infection. Neutrophils can also secrete granules containing antimicrobial substances. Their activity is coordinated with other components of the immune system to provide an immediate response to infections and tissue injuries.

Pathways

Neutrophils participate actively in inflammatory and immune responses. They are important in pathways like the leukocyte adhesion cascade and the oxidative burst pathway. These pathways involve interactions with proteins such as integrins and NADPH oxidase which help neutrophils adhere to endothelium and generate reactive oxygen species respectively. These interactions permit neutrophils to migrate to sites of inflammation and eliminate invading pathogens efficiently.

Associated diseases and disorders

Neutrophils relate to conditions such as chronic granulomatous disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In chronic granulomatous disease defects in components like NADPH oxidase result in an impaired ability to produce reactive oxygen species leading to recurrent infections. In rheumatoid arthritis neutrophils contribute to inflammation and joint damage through the release of enzymes and reactive oxygen intermediates. Neutrophil interactions with immune complexes in these disorders highlight the importance of their regulation in maintaining immune homeostasis.