Anti-Flagellin antibody [EPR28356-51]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Flagellin is a structural protein essential for the formation and function of bacterial flagella which is critical for motility. Also known as flagellin P41 this protein typically measures around 41 kDa in molecular mass. It plays an important role in the self-assembly of the flagellum's filament creating a helical structure. Expressed in motile bacterial species flagellin forms the building blocks that contribute to the rotation and movement of the flagellum allowing bacteria to navigate their environments.

Biological function summary

Flagellin proteins initiate immune responses as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). It forms part of the complex bacterial flagellar filament. When exposed to host organisms such as humans it can trigger innate immune responses via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). This interaction stimulates cytokine production which can induce an immediate immune system reply to pathogenic bacterial invasion. Due to these interactions flagellin plays an essential role in bridging pathogen encounter and host defense mechanisms.

Pathways

Flagellin interacts significantly with the immune signaling system notably the NF-kB signaling pathway. Upon flagellin binding to TLR5 it activates a cascade leading to NF-kB pathway activation. This results in the transcription of various genes involved in inflammation and immune responses. Flagellin also links indirectly to the MAPK signaling pathway through TLR5 which mediates inflammatory responses. These pathways highlight flagellin's pivotal role in immune system activation and regulation.

Associated diseases and disorders

Flagellin relates to inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sepsis. In IBD aberrant immune response to E. coli flagellin coupled with interactions with bacterial proteins can exacerbate intestinal inflammation. Sepsis a severe systemic inflammatory condition might involve excessive or uncontrolled response to flagellin leading to harmful immune activation. Understanding these relationships provides valuable insights into flagellin's role in pathological immune activation.