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AB15592

Anti-Fragilis antibody

4

(4 Reviews)

|

(42 Publications)

Rabbit Polyclonal IFITM3 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr and reacts with Mouse, Human samples. Cited in 42 publications.

View Alternative Names

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3, Dispanin subfamily A member 2b, Fragilis protein, Interferon-inducible protein 15, Mouse ifitm-like protein 1, DSPA2b, Mil-1, Ifitm3

10 Images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human kidney tissue labeling Fragilis with ab320853 at 1/2000 (0.245 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Positive staining on human kidney in (A) Anti-Fragilis antibody ab320853 (recombinant multiclonal ) and (B) Anti-Fragilis antibody ab15592 (polyclonal antibody). The section was incubated with ab320853 or ab15592 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • ICC/IF

Lab

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

ab15592 staining Fragilis in mES cells. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min), permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at 4°C with ab15592 at 1µg/ml and ab7291, Mouse monoclonal [DM1A] to alpha Tubulin - Loading Control. Cells were then incubated with ab150081, Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Rabbit IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488), pre-adsorbed at 1/1000 dilution (shown in green) and ab150120, Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody to Mouse IgG - H&L (Alexa Fluor® 594), pre-adsorbed at 1/1000 dilution (shown in pseudocolour red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue).

Also suitable in cells fixed with 100% methanol (5 min).

Image was acquired with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems TCS SP8) and a single confocal section is shown.

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • IHC-Fr

Collaborator

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

IHC showing localisation of Fragilis (red) in cryosections of male genital ridges of E12.5 mouse embryos. Germ cells can be identified by staining with anti-Oct4 (green).

ab15592 (anti-Fragilis) = red
Oct4 = green
DAPI (DNA) = blue

The dilution of ab15592 used was 10 ug/ml.

This image is courtesy of Petra Hajkova, University of Cambridge

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat lung tissue labeling Fragilis with ab320853 at 1/4000 (0.123 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Positive staining on rat lung in (A) Anti-Fragilis antibody ab320853 (recombinant multiclonal ) and (B) Anti-Fragilis antibody ab15592 (polyclonal antibody). The section was incubated with ab320853 or ab15592 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse lung tissue labeling Fragilis with ab320853 at 1/4000 (0.123 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Positive staining on mouse lung in (A) Anti-Fragilis antibody ab320853 (recombinant multiclonal )and (B) Anti-Fragilis antibody ab15592 (polyclonal antibody). The section was incubated with ab320853 or ab15592 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • IP

Unknown

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Fragilis - Primordial Germ Cell Marker was immunoprecipitated using 0.5mg E14Tg2a whole cell extract, 5µg of Rabbit polyclonal to Fragilis and 50µl of protein G magnetic beads (+). No antibody was added to the control (-).
The antibody was incubated under agitation with Protein G beads for 10min, E14Tg2a whole cell extract lysate diluted in RIPA buffer was added to each sample and incubated for a further 10min under agitation.
Proteins were eluted by addition of 40µl SDS loading buffer and incubated for 10min at 70oC; 10µl of each sample was separated on a SDS PAGE gel, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, blocked with 5% BSA and probed with ab15592.
Secondary : Clean blot (HRP conjugate) at 1/1000 dilution.
Band : 13kDa : Fragilis - Primordial Germ Cell Marker.

All lanes:

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-Fragilis antibody (ab15592)

Predicted band size: 15 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Blocking and diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST.

Negative control : Jurkat and 293T (PMID : 21177806)

Anti-Fragilis antibody (ab320853, recombinant monoclonal) showed less background than Anti-Fragilis antibody (ab15592, polyclonal) with human samples.

In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.

Exposure time : Recombinant multiclonal ab320853 : 70 seconds Polyclonal ab15592 : 103 seconds

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody [RM1224] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/fragilis-antibody-rm1224-ab320853'>ab320853</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia monocyte) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 3:

Jurkat (human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte from peripheral blood) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 4:

293T (human embryonic kidney epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>) at 1/100000 dilution

Observed band size: 36 kDa,15 kDa

false

Exposure time: 15s

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Blocking and diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST.

Low expression : A20

Anti-Fragilis antibody (ab320853, recombinant monoclonal) showed less background than Anti-Fragilis antibody (ab15592, polyclonal) with mouse samples.

In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.

Recombinant multiclonal ab320853 : 26 seconds Polyclonal ab15592 : 70 seconds

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody [RM1224] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/fragilis-antibody-rm1224-ab320853'>ab320853</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

NIH/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

A20 (mouse reticum sarcoma B lymphocyte) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>) at 1/100000 dilution

Observed band size: 36 kDa,15 kDa

false

Exposure time: 15s

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • WB

Project

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (ab15592) at 1 µg/mL

Lane 1:

Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell lysate at 10 µg

Lane 2:

Mouse Embryonic Germ Cell lysate at 10 µg

Lane 3:

Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell lysate at 10 µg with Fragilis peptide (<a href='/en-us/products/unavailable/fragilis-peptide-ab15737'>ab15737</a>)

Lane 4:

Mouse Embryonic Germ Cell lysate at 10 µg with Fragilis peptide (<a href='/en-us/products/unavailable/fragilis-peptide-ab15737'>ab15737</a>)

Predicted band size: 15 kDa

Observed band size: 13 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)
  • WB

CiteAb

Western blot - Anti-Fragilis antibody (AB15592)

Fragilis western blot using anti-Fragilis antibody ab15592. Publication image and figure legend from Lu, Z., Wu, M., et al., 2015, Stem Cells Int, PubMed 26635882.

ab15592 was used in this publication in western blot. This may not be the same as the application(s) guaranteed by Abcam. For a full list of applications guaranteed by Abcam for ab15592 please see the product overview.

Morphology and characteristics of the established OSCs. (a) Overview of the OSCs immediately after MACS (left) and the established OSCs (right) which formed the typical structure of cell clusters. (b) Reverse transcriptional PCR analysis for expression profile of OSCs and ovarian tissues as the positive control. There were two set of genes : one for oocytes including Gdf9, Nobox, and Zp3 and another one for germ cells including Fragilis, MVH, Prdm1, and Tert, displaying that OSCs are characteristic of germ cells. No RT, PCR of RNA sample without reverse transcription. (c) Immunofluorescence for MVH and Fragilis in established OSCs and STO as negative control. Green, MVH, and Fragilis immunofluorescence; Blue, DAPI. At the bottom are the images (bright field, Green, DAPI, and merge) of STO from left to right. (d) Alkaline phosphatase staining for established OSCs, mESCs, and STO showed that OSCs (arrows) were positive, whereas mESCs were strongly positive. mESCs, mouse embryonic stem cells. (e-f) Cytogenetic analysis for established OSCs showed normal karyotype.

false

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Polyclonal

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

No

Reacts with

Mouse, Human

Applications

WB, IP, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "IP" : {"fullname" : "Immunoprecipitation", "shortname":"IP"}, "WB" : {"fullname" : "Western blot", "shortname":"WB"}, "ICCIF" : {"fullname" : "Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence", "shortname":"ICC/IF"}, "IHCFr" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections)", "shortname":"IHC-Fr"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Human": { "IP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "<p></p>", "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "1 µg/mL", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "ICCIF-species-checked": "guaranteed", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "1-10 µg/mL", "ICCIF-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCFr-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCFr-species-notes": "" }, "Mouse": { "IP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "<p></p>", "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "1 µg/mL", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "ICCIF-species-checked": "guaranteed", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "1-10 µg/mL", "ICCIF-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCFr-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "10 µg/mL", "IHCFr-species-notes": "<p></p>" }, "Rat": { "IP-species-checked": "predicted", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "predicted", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "ICCIF-species-checked": "predicted", "ICCIF-species-dilution-info": "", "ICCIF-species-notes": "", "IHCFr-species-checked": "predicted", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCFr-species-notes": "" } } }

Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Immunogen
Storage buffer
pH: 7.4 Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide Constituents: PBS, 1% BSA
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The protein known as Fragilis also called Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a role in cellular defense mechanisms. Fragilis is approximately 15 kDa in mass. It is commonly expressed in cells of the immune system such as lymphocytes and can also be found in various tissues including the lungs spleen and thymus. This protein includes a chain of functional domains that interact with cellular membranes contributing to its protective roles on the cellular level.
Biological function summary

IFITM3 acts as an antiviral protein that disrupts the life cycle of viruses entering human cells. It is a part of a family of transmembrane proteins that block viral replication by inhibiting the fusion of viral membranes with endosomal membranes. The presence of Fragilis in respiratory epithelial cells is integral to the immune response against viral infections. The protein acts as a barrier to viruses like influenza providing an innate immune defense mechanism.

Pathways

The involvement of IFITM3 is central to the immune signaling pathways specifically the interferon signaling pathway. Upon viral infection interferons upregulate IFITM3 enhancing its antiviral activities. Other proteins like STAT1 and STAT2 mediate this regulation. Additionally IFITM3 aligns with the pathways regulating cell membrane integrity and remodeling highlighting its multi-functional role beyond just antiviral defense.

Research highlights the relevance of IFITM3 in conditions such as influenza and COVID-19. In both cases higher expression levels correlate with better prognosis. For instance variations in IFITM3 expression or genetic mutations can affect susceptibility to severe influenza. Connections with proteins such as MxA and other IFITM proteins can influence these disease processes. These connections make Fragilis a target of interest for understanding and potentially mitigating the severity of viral infections.

Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Target data

IFN-induced antiviral protein which disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm by preventing viral fusion with cholesterol depleted endosomes. May inactivate new enveloped viruses which buds out of the infected cell, by letting them go out with a cholesterol depleted membrane. Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), Marburg virus (MARV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV), West Nile virus (WNV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (PubMed : 33270927). Can inhibit : influenza virus hemagglutinin protein-mediated viral entry, MARV and EBOV GP1,2-mediated viral entry, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated viral entry and VSV G protein-mediated viral entry (PubMed : 33270927). Plays a critical role in the structural stability and function of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). Establishes physical contact with the v-ATPase of endosomes which is critical for proper clathrin localization and is also required for the function of the v-ATPase to lower the pH in phagocytic endosomes thus establishing an antiviral state. In hepatocytes, IFITM proteins act in a coordinated manner to restrict HCV infection by targeting the endocytosed HCV virion for lysosomal degradation. IFITM2 and IFITM3 display anti-HCV activity that may complement the anti-HCV activity of IFITM1 by inhibiting the late stages of HCV entry, possibly in a coordinated manner by trapping the virion in the endosomal pathway and targeting it for degradation at the lysosome. Exerts opposing activities on SARS-CoV-2, including amphipathicity-dependent restriction of virus at endosomes and amphipathicity-independent enhancement of infection at the plasma membrane.
See full target information Ifitm3

Publications (42)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Alzheimer's research & therapy 17:166 PubMed40684176

2025

Periodontitis-induced neuroinflammation triggers IFITM3-Aβ axis to cause alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Lingwenyao Kong,Juanjuan Li,Lu Gao,Yonggang Zhao,Weixian Chen,Xumeng Wang,Songlin Wang,Fu Wang

Molecular cancer 24:187 PubMed40611157

2025

IFITM3 enhances immunosensitivity via MHC-I regulation and is associated with the efficacy of anti-PD-1/-L1 therapy in SCLC.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Yanan Cui,Tianyu Qiu,Jiale Wang,Xinyu Liu,Libo Luo,Jizhong Yin,Xinxin Zhi,Wanying Wang,Gaohua Feng,Chunyan Wu,Zhikai Zhao,Hua Zhang,Fei Li,Fengying Wu,Shengxiang Ren

Nature communications 14:4668 PubMed37537212

2023

MAVS signaling is required for preventing persistent chikungunya heart infection and chronic vascular tissue inflammation.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Maria G Noval,Sophie N Spector,Eric Bartnicki,Franco Izzo,Navneet Narula,Stephen T Yeung,Payal Damani-Yokota,M Zahidunnabi Dewan,Valeria Mezzano,Bruno A Rodriguez-Rodriguez,Cynthia Loomis,Kamal M Khanna,Kenneth A Stapleford

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 16:1182005 PubMed37602193

2023

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 in the hippocampus: a potential novel target for the therapeutic effects of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide on sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Nan Li,Rui-Hang Ma,Er-Fei Zhang,Feng Ge,De-Yu Fang,Jing Zhang,Yan-Ning Zhang,Yan Gao,Li-Chao Hou,Hong-Xu Jin

PloS one 18:e0288497 PubMed37440496

2023

A novel co-culture model for investigation of the effects of LPS-induced macrophage-derived cytokines on brain endothelial cells.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Junling Yang,Yinchuan Li,Ambuj Bhalla,Mark Maienschein-Cline,Ken-Ichiro Fukuchi

Stem cell reviews and reports 19:1067-1081 PubMed36735215

2023

Oocyte Arrested at Metaphase II Stage were Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Xiaoli Yu,Ning Wang,Xiang Wang,Hehe Ren,Yanping Zhang,Yingxin Zhang,Yikai Qiu,Hongyan Wang,Guoping Wang,Xiuying Pei,Ping Chen,Yahui Ren,Chunfang Ha,Li Wang,Huayan Wang

Immunity 55:879-894.e6 PubMed35443157

2022

Concerted type I interferon signaling in microglia and neural cells promotes memory impairment associated with amyloid β plaques.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ethan R Roy,Gabriel Chiu,Sanming Li,Nicholas E Propson,Rupa Kanchi,Baiping Wang,Cristian Coarfa,Hui Zheng,Wei Cao

The EMBO journal 41:e108747 PubMed35266581

2022

Keratin filaments mediate the expansion of extra-embryonic membranes in the post-gastrulation mouse embryo.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Wallis Nahaboo,Sema Elif Eski,Evangéline Despin-Guitard,Marjorie Vermeersch,Marie Versaevel,Bechara Saykali,Daniel Monteyne,Sylvain Gabriele,Thomas M Magin,Nicole Schwarz,Rudolf E Leube,An Zwijsen,David Perez-Morga,Sumeet Pal Singh,Isabelle Migeotte

Journal of Cancer 12:6905-6920 PubMed34659578

2021

TUG1 promotes the expression of IFITM3 in hepatocellular carcinoma by competitively binding to miR-29a.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Weiwei Liu,Qian Feng,Wenjun Liao,Enliang Li,Linquan Wu

Cell stem cell 28:1248-1261.e8 PubMed33984282

2021

Discrete limbal epithelial stem cell populations mediate corneal homeostasis and wound healing.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Anna Altshuler,Aya Amitai-Lange,Noam Tarazi,Sunanda Dey,Lior Strinkovsky,Shira Hadad-Porat,Swarnabh Bhattacharya,Waseem Nasser,Jusuf Imeri,Gil Ben-David,Ghada Abboud-Jarrous,Beatrice Tiosano,Eran Berkowitz,Nathan Karin,Yonatan Savir,Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
View all publications

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