Rabbit Polyclonal GAPDH antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF and reacts with Mouse, Rat, Human samples. Cited in 472 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Synthetic Peptide within Human GAPDH aa 50-150.
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- Experimental brain research 242:109-1212023The P38MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway is involved in PND in mice.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMengjiao Zhu,Si Long,Yizhi Tao,Zhifa Zhang,Zhiqiang Zhou,Xueren Wang,Wei ChenPubMed 37973625
- PeerJ 11:e163202023ET-1 receptor type B (ETBR) overexpression associated with ICAM-1 downregulation leads to inflammatory attenuation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesPeng Yang,Fangfei Li,Jiangfeng Tang,Qingshan Tian,Zhenzhong ZhengPubMed 37901475
- Molecular diversity :2023An evidence update to explore molecular targets and protective mechanisms of apigenin against abdominal aortic aneurysms based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesDongyu Li,Lei Wang,Bo Jiang,Yuxi Miao,Xuan LiPubMed 37653360
- Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 37:e234982023Circ_LDLR promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating miR-1294/HMGB3 axis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesGuo Chen,Pengli Han,Qingsong Zhang,Mingchuang Li,Ting Song,Zheng Chen,Yatong Zhao,Detao Yin,Jing LvPubMed 37565296
- Advanced biology 7:e23001132023TMPOP2 Inhibition Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration and Development by Repressing The JNK/STAT3 Pathway.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJun Liang,Huangming Cao,Guangxue Wang,Liang Wei,Lin Dong,Guohan Chen,Qinchuan Li,Dongyi ZhuPubMed 37469237
- Diabetologia 66:1289-13052023Engineered allele substitution at PPARGC1A rs8192678 alters human white adipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and PGC-1α content and turnover.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMi Huang,Melina Claussnitzer,Alham Saadat,Daniel E Coral,Sebastian Kalamajski,Paul W FranksPubMed 37171500
- Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 37:e233842023LncRNA TSIX aggravates spinal cord injury by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR-532-3p/DDOST axis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJiachun Dong,Zijian Wei,Zezhang ZhuPubMed 37155292
- Neuromolecular medicine 25:415-4252023Dexmedetomidine Regulates Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Improve SH-SY5Y-APP Cell Damage Induced by High Glucose.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesPinzhong Chen,Xiaohui Chen,Honghong Zhang,Jianghu Chen,Mingxue Lin,Haitao Qian,Fei Gao,Yisheng Chen,Cansheng Gong,Xiaochun Zheng,Ting ZhengPubMed 37017880
- The journal of gene medicine 25:e34692023Inhibition of HIST1H2AB suppresses the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesXiaojun Chai,Guangxue Wang,Xuan Hong,Minghao Feng,He Wang,Fabing Liu,Wei Yao,Dongyi Zhu,Qinchuan LiPubMed 36511295
- eLife 12:2023Identification of a weight loss-associated causal eQTL in and the effects of deficiency on human adipocyte function.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMi Huang,Daniel Coral,Hamidreza Ardalani,Peter Spegel,Alham Saadat,Melina Claussnitzer,Hindrik Mulder,Paul W Franks,Sebastian KalamajskiPubMed 36876906
Key facts
- Isotype
- IgG
- Host species
- Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.2
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS- Form
- Liquid
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
Immunogen
- Synthetic Peptide within Human GAPDH aa 50-150. The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information. Database link P04406
Reactivity data
Select an application| WB | IHC-P | ICC/IF | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Tested | Tested | Tested |
| Mouse | Tested | Expected | Expected |
| Rat | Tested | Expected | Expected |
WB
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 0.5-2 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Rat | Dilution info 0.5-2 µg/mL | Notes - |
Species Human | Dilution info 0.50000-2 µg/mL | Notes - |
IHC-P
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1-2 µg/mL | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
ICC/IF
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 0.10000-1.00000 µg/mL | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Associated Products
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Target data
Function
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively (PubMed:11724794, PubMed:3170585). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate (PubMed:11724794, PubMed:3170585). Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton (By similarity). Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity). Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes (PubMed:23071094). Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation (PubMed:23071094). Also plays a role in innate immunity by promoting TNF-induced NF-kappa-B activation and type I interferon production, via interaction with TRAF2 and TRAF3, respectively (PubMed:23332158, PubMed:27387501). Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis (By similarity). Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC (By similarity).
Alternative names
GAPD, CDABP0047, OK/SW-cl.12, GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH
Recommended products
Rabbit Polyclonal GAPDH antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF and reacts with Mouse, Rat, Human samples. Cited in 472 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Synthetic Peptide within Human GAPDH aa 50-150.
Key facts
- Isotype
- IgG
- Host species
- Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.2
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS- Form
- Liquid
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
- Immunogen
- Synthetic Peptide within Human GAPDH aa 50-150. The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information. Database link P04406
- Purification technique
- Affinity purification Immunogen
- Concentration
- Purification notes
GAPDH Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- +4°C
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase commonly known as GAPDH is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. Its molecular weight (MW) is approximately 36 kDa. The protein is expressed ubiquitously in almost all tissues reflecting its essential role in energy production. GAPDH catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis converting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 13-bisphosphoglycerate. Due to its stable expression researchers often use GAPDH as a loading control in western blot experiments.
- Biological function summary
GAPDH serves important metabolic functions beyond its enzymatic role in glycolysis. It functions as part of a multi-enzyme complex within the cytoplasm which facilitates efficient substrate channeling during glycolysis. Additionally GAPDH has non-glycolytic roles including involvement in nuclear processes like RNA export and DNA repair. Its ubiquitous presence across different cellular compartments indicates its multiple functions beyond metabolic pathways.
- Pathways
GAPDH integrates into significant cellular functions like the glycolytic pathway and apoptotic pathways. In glycolysis GAPDH collaborates with enzymes like phosphoglycerate kinase forming a cohesive link in the energy conversion chain. Its participation in apoptotic pathways highlights GAPDH's involvement in cellular death processes interacting with proteins like Bcl-2 to influence apoptosis progression. These roles reinforce its presence in central metabolic and regulatory pathways.
- Associated diseases and disorders
GAPDH has associations with neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease GAPDH’s altered enzymatic activity is frequently observed influencing cellular energy homeostasis. Moreover overexpression or aberrant regulation of GAPDH relates to cancer cell proliferation and metastasis implicating proteins like p53 in these pathways. The diverse functions and interactions of GAPDH emphasize its importance in both normal cellular function and disease states.
Product promise
Tested
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Expected
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
Predicted
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
Not recommended
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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8 product images
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
ICC/IF image of ab37168 stained HeLa cells. The cells were 100% methanol fixed (5 min) and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to permeabilise the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab37168, 1µg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1/200 dilution for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43µM.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
ICC/IF image of ab37168 stained Hela cells. The cells were 100% methanol fixed (5 min) and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to permeabilise the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab37168, 1μg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was anti-Rabbit DyLight® 488 pre-adsorbed (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96899) used at a 1/250 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1/200 dilution for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43μM.
Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168) at 1 µg/mL
Lanes 1 and 3: HeLa Whole Cell Lysate at 10 µg
Lanes 2 and 4: Jurkat Whole Cell Lysate at 10 µg
SecondaryLanes 1 - 2: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 0.02 µg/mL
Lanes 3 - 4: Western blot - VHH Single Domain Anti-Rabbit IgG Fc (HRP) (VHH Single Domain Anti-Rabbit IgG Fc (HRP) ab191866) at 0.02 µg/mL
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 11 kDa, 54 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
ab37168 at 10μg/ml staining GAPDH in human liver tissue by IHC
Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168) at 1 µg/mL
Lane 1: Mouse brain at 15 µg
Lane 2: Mouse thymus at 15 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 36 kDa
Observed band size: 36 kDa
Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168) at 1 µg/mL
Lane 1: Rat skin at 15 µg
Lane 2: Rat brain at 15 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 36 kDa
Observed band size: 36 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue using anti-GAPDH antibody (ab37168) at 2 µg/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 dilution was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168)
1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-GAPDH antibody - Loading Control (ab37168) at 0.5 µg/mL
Lane 1: 293 cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 2: A549 cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 3: HeLa cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 4: HepG2 cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 5: K562 cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 6: MCF7 cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 7: SK-N-SH cell lysates at 15 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 36 kDa
Observed band size: 36 kDa
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