Name: Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]
SKU: ab176562
Rating: 5 (3 reviews)

Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody detecting Glutamine Synthetase in Western Blot, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, mIHC. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat.

- KO validated for confirmed specificity

- Multiplex IHC validated on the Leica BOND® MAX using Opal reagents

- Biophysical QC for unrivalled batch-batch consistency

- Over 20 publications

Related conjugates and formulations

ab199198
Conjugated
HRP Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]
ab240193
Carrier free
Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] - BSA and Azide free
ab300751
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]
ab302584
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]
ab305118
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]
ab302572
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 555 Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]
ab302807
Conjugated
Alexa Fluor® 568 Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)]

Images

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (AB176562), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

Select an application

Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended

	IHC-P	IP	Flow Cyt	WB	ICC/IF	IHC-Fr	mIHC
Human	Tested	Not recommended	Not recommended	Tested	Not recommended	Expected	Tested
Mouse	Expected	Not recommended	Not recommended	Tested	Not recommended	Tested	Expected
Rat	Expected	Not recommended	Not recommended	Tested	Not recommended	Tested	Expected

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info 1/500	Notes The mouse and rat recommendation is based on the WB results. This antibody may not be suitable for IHC with mouse or rat samples. For unpurified use at 1/100-1/250. Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Expected
Expected

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse, Rat	Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration.	Notes -

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse, Rat, Human	Dilution info -	Notes -

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info -	Notes ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.
Species Rat	Dilution info -	Notes ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.
Species Human	Dilution info -	Notes ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info 1/1000 - 1/5000	Notes -
Species Rat	Dilution info 1/1000 - 1/5000	Notes -
Species Human	Dilution info 1/1000 - 1/5000	Notes -

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human, Mouse, Rat	Dilution info -	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info 1/250	Notes -
Species Rat	Dilution info 1/250	Notes -

Expected
Expected

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration.	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info -	Notes -

Expected
Expected

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse, Rat	Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration.	Notes -

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Target data

See full target information GLUL

Function

Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (PubMed:16267323, PubMed:30158707, PubMed:36289327). Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts (PubMed:18662667). Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation (PubMed:30158707). May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ: able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ (PubMed:30158707). Plays a role in ribosomal 40S subunit biogenesis (PubMed:26711351). Through the interaction with BEST2, inhibits BEST2 channel activity by affecting the gating at the aperture in the absence of intracellular L-glutamate, but sensitizes BEST2 to intracellular L-glutamate, which promotes the opening of BEST2 and thus relieves its inhibitory effect on BEST2 (PubMed:36289327).

Alternative names

GLNS, GLUL, Glutamine synthetase, GS, Glutamate--ammonia ligase, Palmitoyltransferase GLUL

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal
Immunogen: The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number: EPR13022(B)
Purification technique: Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration

Storage

Shipped at conditions: Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration: 1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions: +4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions: -20°C
Aliquoting information: Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information: Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

What is this antibody validated in?

Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-Fr), Multiplex IHC (mIHC) in Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

What is the molecular weight of Glutamine Synthetase?

Anti-Glutamine Synthetase [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) specifically detects a band for Glutamine Synthetase (UniProt: P15104) at a molecular weight of 42kDa.

Trusted by the scientific community

Anti-Glutamine Synthetase [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) was first used in a scientific publication in 2013 and has been cited over 20 times in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial sizes available!

Test your antibody or perform pre-screening before committing to a larger quantity. Sold in 10µl. Discover our selection of trial-size antibodies.

Specificity confirmed

The specificity of Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) has been confirmed by Western blot testing in GLUL Knockout HAP1 cells.

Other related products

We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [EPR13022(B)] also available for your convenience:
ab176562, HRP - ab199198, Carrier free - ab240193, Alexa Fluor® 647 - ab300751, Alexa Fluor® 555 - ab302572, Alexa Fluor® 488 - ab302584, Alexa Fluor® 568 - ab302807, Alexa Fluor® 594 - ab305118

Patented technology
Our RabMAb^® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb^® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Glutamine synthetase also known as glutamine s synthetase or glnA is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia into glutamine. This reaction plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism. Glutamine synthetase has a molecular weight of approximately 620 kDa and forms a multimeric structure commonly seen in bacteria plants and animal tissues with significant expression in the brain liver and kidneys.

Biological function summary

This enzyme supports the detoxification of ammonia by incorporating it into glutamine an essential amino acid and nitrogen donor. Glutamine synthetase operates independently rather than as part of a larger protein complex. It assists in maintaining cellular nitrogen balance and facilitates the synthesis of proteins and other nitrogen-containing molecules. Glutamine peptides serve vital roles in cellular processes underlining the significance of their synthesis.

Pathways

Glutamine synthetase integrates into the glutamate and glutamine cycle between neurons and glial cells highlighting its part in neurotransmitter metabolism. It also features prominently in the urea cycle influencing nitrogen disposal in organisms. Glutamine synthetase interacts with glutaminase which assists in transforming glutamine back to glutamate maintaining a balance of nitrogenous compounds within these pathways.

Associated diseases and disorders

Glutamine synthetase abnormalities link to hepatic encephalopathy and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Altered enzyme expression contributes to increased ammonia levels adversely affecting brain function. In Alzheimer's disease connections with tau and amyloid-beta proteins suggest a link between glutamine synthetase activity and neurotoxic events. Understanding these interactions may offer insights into therapeutic approaches for these conditions.

Product promise

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10 product images

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100-permeabilised mouse cerebrum tissue staining glutamine synthetase with ab176562 at 1/250 dilution, followed by alexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit secondary (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at 1/1000 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20). DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain.
Positive staining on mouse cerebrum (PMID: 23895693).
Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Lanes 1 - 2: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab176562 observed at 42 kDa. Red - loading control, Anti-Vinculin antibody [VIN-54] ab130007, observed at 130 kDa.
ab176562 was shown to recognize Glutamine Synthetase in wild-type HAP1 cells as signal was lost at the expected MW in GLUL knockout cells. Additional cross-reactive bands were observed in the wild-type and knockout cells. Wild-type and GLUL knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab176562 and Anti-Vinculin antibody [VIN-54] ab130007 (Mouse anti-Vinculin loading control) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 μg/ml and 1/20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye^® 800CW) preabsorbed Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye^® 680RD) preabsorbed Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776 secondary antibodies at 1/20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) at 1 µg
Lane 1: Wild-type HAP1 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: GLUL knockout HAP1 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, Human glioma tissue labeling Glutamine Synthetase with unpurified ab176562 at a 1/100 dilution.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Human fetal liver lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: Jurkat cell lysate at 10 µg
Lane 3: HeLa cell lysate at 10 µg
Developed using the ECL technique.
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human glioma tissue sections labeling Glutamine Synthetase with purified ab176562 at 1:500 dilution (0.18 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using citrate Buffer, pH6.0. Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. ImmunoHistoProbe one step HRP Polymer (ready to use) secondary antibody was used at 1:0 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100-permeabilised rat cerebrum tissue staining glutamine synthetase with ab176562 at 1/250 dilution, followed by alexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit secondary (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at 1/1000 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20). DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain.
Positive staining on rat cerebrum (PMID: 23895693).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, Human liver tissue labeling Glutamine Synthetase with unpurified ab176562 at a 1/100 dilution.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Blocking and diluting buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562) at 1/2000 dilution
Lane 1: Human fetal liver lysates at 20 µg
Lane 2: HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 3: Mouse spleen lysates at 20 µg
Lane 4: Rat spleen lysates at 20 µg
Secondary
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Observed band size: 42 kDa
This image is courtesy of Alex Van Engelenburg
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
ab176562 staining Glutamine Synthetasein Mouse Liver tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (PFA perfusion fixed frozen sections). Tissue samples were fixed by perfusion with formaldehyde, blocked with PB Protein Block ab64226 for 10 minutes at room temperature and antigen retrieval was by heat mediation in citrate buffer. The sample was incubated with primary antibody (1/200) for 30 minutes. A HRP-conjugated Goat anti-rabbit polyclonal (1/200) was used as the secondary antibody.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562)
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human retina tissue labeling PAX6, Glutamine Synthetase and CRX with Anti-PAX6 antibody [EPR3352(2)] ab109233 at 1/10000 dilution, Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] - BSA and Azide free ab240193 at 1/20000 dilution and Anti-CRX antibody [EPR9582] - BSA and Azide free ab248897 at 1/1000 dilution followed by a ready to use Opal Polymer HRP Ms + Rb secondary antibody. Nuclear counter stain used was DAPI.

Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins

Panel A: merged staining of anti-CRX (gray; Opal™690), anti-Glutamine Synthetase (green; Opal™520) and anti-PAX6 (red; Opal™570) on human retina.
Panel B: anti-PAX6 stained on retinal progenitor cells.
Panel C: anti-Glutamine Synthetase stained on Müller glia.
Panel D: anti-CRX stained on subset cells of outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer.

The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-CRX antibody [EPR9582] - BSA and Azide free ab248897, Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] - BSA and Azide free ab240193, and Anti-PAX6 antibody [EPR3352(2)] ab109233 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.

The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.