Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Glutamine Synthetase antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, IHC-Fr, mIHC and reacts with Mouse, Human, Rat samples.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
IHC-P | IP | Flow Cyt | WB | ICC/IF | IHC-Fr | mIHC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Not recommended | Not recommended | Tested | Not recommended | Expected | Tested |
Mouse | Tested | Not recommended | Not recommended | Expected | Not recommended | Tested | Expected |
Rat | Expected | Not recommended | Not recommended | Expected | Not recommended | Tested | Expected |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes The mouse and rat recommendation is based on the WB results. This antibody may not be suitable for IHC with mouse or rat samples. Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes The mouse and rat recommendation is based on the WB results. This antibody may not be suitable for IHC with mouse or rat samples. Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat, Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes ab199376 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species Rat | Dilution info - | Notes ab199376 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes ab199376 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat, Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
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Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (PubMed:16267323, PubMed:30158707, PubMed:36289327). Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts (PubMed:18662667). Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation (PubMed:30158707). May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ: able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ (PubMed:30158707). Plays a role in ribosomal 40S subunit biogenesis (PubMed:26711351). Through the interaction with BEST2, inhibits BEST2 channel activity by affecting the gating at the aperture in the absence of intracellular L-glutamate, but sensitizes BEST2 to intracellular L-glutamate, which promotes the opening of BEST2 and thus relieves its inhibitory effect on BEST2 (PubMed:36289327).
GLNS, GLUL, Glutamine synthetase, GS, Glutamate--ammonia ligase, Palmitoyltransferase GLUL
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Glutamine Synthetase antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, IHC-Fr, mIHC and reacts with Mouse, Human, Rat samples.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
ab240193 is the carrier-free version of Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562.
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.
This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
Glutamine synthetase also known as glutamine s synthetase or glnA is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia into glutamine. This reaction plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism. Glutamine synthetase has a molecular weight of approximately 620 kDa and forms a multimeric structure commonly seen in bacteria plants and animal tissues with significant expression in the brain liver and kidneys.
This enzyme supports the detoxification of ammonia by incorporating it into glutamine an essential amino acid and nitrogen donor. Glutamine synthetase operates independently rather than as part of a larger protein complex. It assists in maintaining cellular nitrogen balance and facilitates the synthesis of proteins and other nitrogen-containing molecules. Glutamine peptides serve vital roles in cellular processes underlining the significance of their synthesis.
Glutamine synthetase integrates into the glutamate and glutamine cycle between neurons and glial cells highlighting its part in neurotransmitter metabolism. It also features prominently in the urea cycle influencing nitrogen disposal in organisms. Glutamine synthetase interacts with glutaminase which assists in transforming glutamine back to glutamate maintaining a balance of nitrogenous compounds within these pathways.
Glutamine synthetase abnormalities link to hepatic encephalopathy and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Altered enzyme expression contributes to increased ammonia levels adversely affecting brain function. In Alzheimer's disease connections with tau and amyloid-beta proteins suggest a link between glutamine synthetase activity and neurotoxic events. Understanding these interactions may offer insights into therapeutic approaches for these conditions.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
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Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100-permeabilised mouse cerebrum tissue staining glutamine synthetase with Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 at 1/250 dilution, followed by alexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit secondary (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at 1/1000 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20). DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain.
Positive staining on mouse cerebrum (PMID: 23895693).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562).
This data was developed using Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
Blocking and diluting buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] - BSA and Azide free (ab240193) at 1/2000 dilution
Lane 1: Human fetal liver lysates at 20 µg
Lane 2: HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysates at 15 µg
Lane 3: Mouse spleen lysates at 20 µg
Lane 4: Rat spleen lysates at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Observed band size: 42 kDa
This data was developed using Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] - BSA and Azide free (ab240193) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Human fetal liver lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: Jurkat cell lysate at 10 µg
Lane 3: HeLa cell lysate at 10 µg
Developed using the ECL technique.
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
This data was developed using Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation:
Lanes 1 - 2: Merged signal (red and green). Green - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 observed at 42 kDa. Red - loading control, Anti-Vinculin antibody [VIN-54] ab130007, observed at 130 kDa.
Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 was shown to recognize Glutamine Synthetase in wild-type HAP1 cells as signal was lost at the expected MW in GLUL knockout cells. Additional cross-reactive bands were observed in the wild-type and knockout cells. Wild-type and GLUL knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 and Anti-Vinculin antibody [VIN-54] ab130007 (Mouse anti-Vinculin loading control) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 μg/ml and 1/20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776 secondary antibodies at 1/20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] - BSA and Azide free (ab240193) at 1 µg
Lane 1: Wild-type HAP1 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: GLUL knockout HAP1 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Predicted band size: 42 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, Human glioma tissue labeling Glutamine Synthetase with unpurified Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 at a 1/100 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Human glioma tissue sections labeling Glutamine Synthetase with purified Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 at 1:500 dilution (0.18 μg/ml). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using citrate Buffer, pH6.0. Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. ImmunoHistoProbe one step HRP Polymer (ready to use) secondary antibody was used at 1:0 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562).
Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.2% Triton X-100-permeabilised rat cerebrum tissue staining glutamine synthetase with Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 at 1/250 dilution, followed by alexaFluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit secondary (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) at 1/1000 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using sodium citrate buffer (10mM citrate pH 6.0 + 0.05% Tween-20). DAPI was used as a nuclear counterstain.
Positive staining on rat cerebrum (PMID: 23895693).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562).
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, Human liver tissue labeling Glutamine Synthetase with unpurified Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 at a 1/100 dilution.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562 staining Glutamine Synthetasein Mouse Liver tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (PFA perfusion fixed frozen sections). Tissue samples were fixed by perfusion with formaldehyde, blocked with PB Protein Block ab64226 for 10 minutes at room temperature and antigen retrieval was by heat mediation in citrate buffer. The sample was incubated with primary antibody (1/200) for 30 minutes. A HRP-conjugated Goat anti-rabbit polyclonal (1/200) was used as the secondary antibody.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562).
This data was developed using Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] ab176562, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis of formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded Human retina tissue labeling PAX6, Glutamine Synthetase and CRX with Anti-PAX6 antibody [EPR3352(2)] ab109233 at 1/10000 dilution, ab240193 at 1/20000 dilution and Anti-CRX antibody [EPR9582] - BSA and Azide free ab248897 at 1/1000 dilution followed by a ready to use Opal Polymer HRP Ms + Rb secondary antibody. Nuclear counter stain used was DAPI.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution2) for 20 mins
Panel A: merged staining of anti-CRX (gray; Opal™690), anti-Glutamine Synthetase (green; Opal™520) and anti-PAX6 (red; Opal™570) on human retina.
Panel B: anti-PAX6 stained on retinal progenitor cells.
Panel C: anti-Glutamine Synthetase stained on Müller glia.
Panel D: anti-CRX stained on subset cells of outer nuclear layer and inner nuclear layer.
The section was incubated in three rounds of staining: in the order of Anti-CRX antibody [EPR9582] - BSA and Azide free ab248897, ab240193, and Anti-PAX6 antibody [EPR3352(2)] ab109233 for 30 mins at room temperature. Each round was followed by a separate fluorescent tyramide signal amplification system.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument with an Opal™ 4-color kit. Image acquisition was performed with Leica SP8 confocal microscope.
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