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AB197024

Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661]

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(1 Review)

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(6 Publications )

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Glutamine Synthetase antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P and reacts with Mouse, Human samples. Cited in 6 publications.

View Alternative Names

GLNS, GLUL, Glutamine synthetase, GS, Glutamate--ammonia ligase, Palmitoyltransferase GLUL

7 Images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue labeling Glutamine Synthetase with ab197024 at 1/8000 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution. Cytoplasm staining on Human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.

Negative control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.

Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Blocking/Dilution buffer : 5% NFDM/TBST.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (ab197024) at 1/1000 dilution

All lanes:

Human glioma lysate at 10 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP), specific to the non-reduced form of IgG at 1/1000 dilution

Predicted band size: 42 kDa

Observed band size: 42 kDa

false

Exposure time: 1min

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • WB

Lab

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Lane 1 : Wild-type HAP1 whole cell lysate (20 μg)
Lane 2 : Glutamine Synthetase knockout HAP1 whole cell lysate (20 μg)
Lane 3 : Human brain whole cell lysate (20 μg)
Lane 4 : A431 whole cell lysate (20 μg)

Lanes 1 - 4 : Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab197024 observed at 42 kDa. Red - loading control, ab18058, observed at 130 kDa.

ab197024 was shown to specifically react with Glutamine Synthetase in wild-type HAP1 cells as signal was lost in Glutamine Synthetase knockout cells. Wild-type and Glutamine Synthetase knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab197024 and ab18058 (Mouse anti-Vinculin loading control) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1/1000 dilution and 1/20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed ab216773 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed ab216776 secondary antibodies at 1/20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (ab197024)

Predicted band size: 42 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • WB

Lab

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Western blot : Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] ab197024 staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-CANX ab238078 loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in magenta. A band was observed at 42 kDa in Wild-type U-87 MG cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in GLUL knockout U-87 MG cell line. To generate this image, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 5% Milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit 800CW and Goat anti-Mouse 680RD at 1/20,000 dilution.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (ab197024) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Wild-type U-87 MG at 20 µg

Lane 2:

GLUL knockout U-87 MG at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Goat anti-Rabbit 800CW & Goat anti-Mouse 680RD at 1/20000 dilution

Predicted band size: 42 kDa

Observed band size: 42 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • WB

Lab

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Lanes 1- 2 : Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab197024 observed at 42 kDa. Red - Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control (ab7291) observed at 50 kDa.

ab197024 was shown to react with Glutamine Synthetase in wild-type HeLa cells in western blot. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line ab261737 (knockout cell lysate ab256930) was used. Wild-type HeLa and GLUL knockout HeLa cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab197024 and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control (ab7291) overnight at 4°C at a 1 in 1000 Dilution and a 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye®800CW) preadsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye®680RD) preadsorbed (ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (ab197024) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Wild-type HeLa cell lysate at 40 µg

Lane 2:

GLUL knockout HeLa cell lysate at 40 µg

Predicted band size: 42 kDa

Observed band size: 42 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Blocking/Dilution buffer : 5% NFDM/TBST.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (ab197024) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Human fetal liver lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

HeLa (Human epithelial cells from cervix adenocarcinoma) lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP), specific to the non-reduced form of IgG at 1/1000 dilution

Predicted band size: 42 kDa

Observed band size: 42 kDa

false

Exposure time: 3min

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (AB197024)

Blocking/Dilution buffer : 5% NFDM/TBST.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] (ab197024) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Mouse brain lysate at 10 µg

Lane 2:

Mouse spleen lysate at 10 µg

Lane 3:

NIH/3T3 (Mouse embryo fibroblast cells) lysate at 10 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, (H+L), Peroxidase conjugated at 1/1000 dilution

Predicted band size: 42 kDa

Observed band size: 42 kDa

false

Exposure time: 3min

  • Carrier free

    Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR16661] - BSA and Azide free

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

EPR16661

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

No

Reacts with

Mouse, Human

Applications

IHC-P, WB

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

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Product details

Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Shipped at conditions
Conditional Ambient
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Glutamine synthetase also known as glutamine s synthetase or glnA is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia into glutamine. This reaction plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism. Glutamine synthetase has a molecular weight of approximately 620 kDa and forms a multimeric structure commonly seen in bacteria plants and animal tissues with significant expression in the brain liver and kidneys.
Biological function summary

This enzyme supports the detoxification of ammonia by incorporating it into glutamine an essential amino acid and nitrogen donor. Glutamine synthetase operates independently rather than as part of a larger protein complex. It assists in maintaining cellular nitrogen balance and facilitates the synthesis of proteins and other nitrogen-containing molecules. Glutamine peptides serve vital roles in cellular processes underlining the significance of their synthesis.

Pathways

Glutamine synthetase integrates into the glutamate and glutamine cycle between neurons and glial cells highlighting its part in neurotransmitter metabolism. It also features prominently in the urea cycle influencing nitrogen disposal in organisms. Glutamine synthetase interacts with glutaminase which assists in transforming glutamine back to glutamate maintaining a balance of nitrogenous compounds within these pathways.

Glutamine synthetase abnormalities link to hepatic encephalopathy and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Altered enzyme expression contributes to increased ammonia levels adversely affecting brain function. In Alzheimer's disease connections with tau and amyloid-beta proteins suggest a link between glutamine synthetase activity and neurotoxic events. Understanding these interactions may offer insights into therapeutic approaches for these conditions.

Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Target data

Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (PubMed : 16267323, PubMed : 30158707, PubMed : 36289327). Its role depends on tissue localization : in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Plays a key role in ammonium detoxification during erythropoiesis : the glutamine synthetase activity is required to remove ammonium generated by porphobilinogen deaminase (HMBS) during heme biosynthesis to prevent ammonium accumulation and oxidative stress (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts (PubMed : 18662667). Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development : acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation (PubMed : 30158707). May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ : able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ (PubMed : 30158707). Plays a role in ribosomal 40S subunit biogenesis (PubMed : 26711351). Through the interaction with BEST2, inhibits BEST2 channel activity by affecting the gating at the aperture in the absence of intracellular L-glutamate, but sensitizes BEST2 to intracellular L-glutamate, which promotes the opening of BEST2 and thus relieves its inhibitory effect on BEST2 (PubMed : 36289327).
See full target information GLUL

Publications (6)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Glia 73:822-839 PubMed39873321

2025

Glia Modulates Immune Responses in the Retina Through Distinct MHC Pathways.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Simona Intonti,Despina Kokona,Martin S Zinkernagel,Volker Enzmann,Jens V Stein,Federica M Conedera

Alzheimer's research & therapy 17:20 PubMed39806490

2025

CEST imaging combined with H-MRS reveal the neuroprotective effects of riluzole by improving neurotransmitter imbalances in Alzheimer's disease mice.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Yuanyu Shen,Xiaolei Zhang,Siqi Liu,Lijing Xin,Wentao Xuan,Caiyu Zhuang,Yue Chen,Beibei Chen,Xinhui Zheng,Renhua Wu,Yan Lin

Journal of virology 98:e0053424 PubMed38899932

2024

The interferon-regulated host factor hnRNPA0 modulates HIV-1 production by interference with LTR activity, mRNA trafficking, and programmed ribosomal frameshifting.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Fabian Roesmann,Helene Sertznig,Katleen Klaassen,Alexander Wilhelm,Delia Heininger,Stefanie Heß,Carina Elsner,Rolf Marschalek,Mario L Santiago,Stefan Esser,Kathrin Sutter,Ulf Dittmer,Marek Widera

Current developments in nutrition 8:102168 PubMed38813479

2024

Adipocytes Are the Only Site of Glutamine Synthetase Expression Within the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Huyen Le,Mai Nguyen,Helena Emilia Ccc Manso,Michelle D Wang,Malcolm Watford

American journal of human genetics 111:729-741 PubMed38579670

2024

Clustered de novo start-loss variants in GLUL result in a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy via stabilization of glutamine synthetase.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Amy G Jones,Matilde Aquilino,Rory J Tinker,Laura Duncan,Zandra Jenkins,Gemma L Carvill,Stephanie J DeWard,Dorothy K Grange,M J Hajianpour,Benjamin J Halliday,Muriel Holder-Espinasse,Judit Horvath,Silvia Maitz,Vincenzo Nigro,Manuela Morleo,Victoria Paul,Careni Spencer,Alina I Esterhuizen,Tilman Polster,Alice Spano,Inés Gómez-Lozano,Abhishek Kumar,Gemma Poke,John A Phillips,Hunter R Underhill,Gregory Gimenez,Takashi Namba,Stephen P Robertson

Journal of extracellular vesicles 12:e12393 PubMed38082562

2023

Multiomic integration reveals neuronal-extracellular vesicle coordination of gliotic responses in degeneration.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Adrian V Cioanca,Yvette Wooff,Riemke Aggio-Bruce,Rakshanya Sekar,Catherine Dietrich,Riccardo Natoli
View all publications

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