Anti-Glycogenin 1 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Glycogenin 1 also known as GYG1 plays an essential role in the initiation of glycogen biosynthesis. This protein acts as a primer that starts glycogen formation by autoglucosylation attaching glucose residues to itself which leads to the formation of a glycogen molecule. With a molecular mass of approximately 37 kDa Glycogenin 1 is expressed widely in tissues showing high levels in skeletal muscle heart and liver. It forms a homodimer and possesses conserved surface residues necessary for its enzymatic function.

Biological function summary

Glycogenin 1 serves as the foundation for glycogen granule formation by providing the initial glucose chain that glycogen synthase can extend. The protein participates in the formation of a macromolecular complex that includes glycogen synthase and glycogen branching enzyme facilitating efficient glycogen deposition. The association with these enzymes ensures that the glycogen is structured properly optimizing cellular energy storage. Glycogenin 1 acts as the core around which all further glucose additions are built making it indispensable for maintaining energy reserves.

Pathways

Glycogenin 1 is integral to glycogen metabolism. It plays a critical role within the glycogen biosynthesis pathway closely interacting with proteins such as glycogen synthase and the branching enzyme. The coordinated activity of Glycogenin 1 glycogen synthase and the branching enzyme is necessary for the proper assembly of glycogen particles. This pathway regulation impacts glucose homeostasis and energy management in muscle and liver tissues indicating its importance for metabolic balance.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or dysfunctions in Glycogenin 1 link to glycogen storage diseases such as Glycogen Storage Disease Type XV (GSD XV). This disorder arises when an abnormal Glycogenin 1 fails to synthesize the primer glucose molecules leading to energy storage issues. The disease symptoms often resemble those seen with impaired glycogen synthase function as both proteins are involved in glycogen accumulation. Efficient glycogen synthesis disruptions highlight Glycogenin 1's therapeutic research importance in metabolic diseases.