Anti-Granulin antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Granulin also known as progranulin or GRN is a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 68 kDa. This protein is encoded by the GRN gene and is involved in various cellular processes. Granulin is expressed widely within the body particularly in epithelial cells immune cells and neurons. Researchers have developed methods like GRN ELISA and progranulin ELISA to quantitatively measure the levels of granulin in biological samples aiding in further understanding of its role in health and disease.

Biological function summary

Granulin functions as a growth factor involved in tissue repair cell proliferation and inflammation. It does not function as part of a larger protein complex but acts individually in exerting its effects on cells. Granulin influences various aspects of cellular architecture and signaling pathways making it important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Additionally the granulin protein participates in regulating networks that involve cytokines and growth factors impacting both the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Pathways

Granulin plays significant roles in the MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways. These pathways critically manage cellular reactions to stress inflammation and other external stimuli. Granulin modulates these processes often interacting with proteins like TNF receptors and interleukins to affect the downstream signaling events. Interactions between granulin and other signaling molecules allow it to integrate into broader networks that oversee various biological responses.

Associated diseases and disorders

Significant links exist between granulin mutations and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in the GRN gene often lead to reduced granulin levels contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. These mutations affect the protein's normal function promoting pathological mechanisms associated with neuronal deterioration. Granulin interacts with proteins such as TDP-43 in neurodegenerative diseases where alterations might result in protein aggregation and neurotoxicity. Understanding these connections can lead to potential therapeutic interventions targeting granulin-related pathways.