AB233281

Anti-GSTM4 antibody

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(2 Publications )

Rabbit Polyclonal GSTM4 antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P and reacts with Mouse, Human samples. Cited in 2 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 aa 1-250.

11 Images

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human liver tissue stained for GSTM4 using ab233281 at 10 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.

Secondary used : HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 2 μg/ml. DAB staining.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue stained for GSTM4 using ab233281 at 10 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.

Secondary used : HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 2 μg/ml. DAB staining.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human colorectal cancer tissue stained for GSTM4 using ab233281 at 10 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.

Secondary used : HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 2 μg/ml. DAB staining.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human stomach tissue stained for GSTM4 using ab233281 at 10 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.

Secondary used : HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 2 μg/ml. DAB staining.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human glioma tissue stained for GSTM4 using ab233281 at 10 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.

Secondary used : HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 2 μg/ml. DAB staining.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human prostate tissue stained for GSTM4 using ab233281 at 10 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.

Secondary used : HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 2 μg/ml. DAB staining..

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

WB

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Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (ab233281) at 2 µg/mL

All lanes:

Human liver lysate

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 0.2 µg/mL

Predicted band size: 26 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (ab233281) at 2 µg

All lanes:

Mouse lung lysate

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 0.2 µg/mL

Predicted band size: 26 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (ab233281) at 2 µg/mL

All lanes:

Human lung lysate

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 0.2 µg/mL

Predicted band size: 26 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (ab233281) at 2 µg/mL

All lanes:

Mouse liver lysate

Secondary

All lanes:

HRP-Linked Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal at 0.2 µg/mL

Predicted band size: 26 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (AB233281)

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-GSTM4 antibody (ab233281) at 2 µg

All lanes:

Recombinant human GSTM4 protein

Predicted band size: 26 kDa

false

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Polyclonal

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

No

Reacts with

Mouse, Human

Applications

IHC-P, WB

Immunogen

Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 aa 1-250. The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "WB" : {"fullname" : "Western blot", "shortname":"WB"}, "IHCP" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections)", "shortname":"IHC-P"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Human": { "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "0.2-2 µg/mL", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "5-20 µg/mL", "IHCP-species-notes": "<p></p>" }, "Mouse": { "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "0.2-2 µg/mL", "WB-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "" }, "Cynomolgus monkey": { "WB-species-checked": "predicted", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "predicted", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "" } } }

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Properties and storage information

Form

Liquid

Purification technique

Affinity purification Immunogen

Purification notes

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography.

Storage buffer

pH: 7.4 Preservative: 0.011% Proclin 300 Constituents: PBS, 55.77% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine)

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage duration

1-2 weeks

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-20°C

Aliquoting information

Upon delivery aliquot

Storage information

Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The enzyme GSTM4 also known as Glutathione S-transferase mu 4 plays a significant role in detoxification processes within the cell. It has a molecular weight of approximately 26 kilodaltons. GSTM4 is part of the mu class of Glutathione S-transferases and is expressed widely in many tissues with notable expression in the liver brain and heart. The enzyme facilitates the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to electrophilic compounds aiding in the detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic substances.

Biological function summary

GSTM4 functions as a detoxification enzyme that protects cells from oxidative stress and damage from harmful compounds. It operates as part of a complex system of enzymes collectively known for their role in phase II metabolism which is important for clearing toxins from the body. By contributing to the neutralization of reactive oxygen species GSTM4 helps maintain cell health and prevent damage to cellular components like DNA proteins and lipids which could otherwise lead to cell dysfunction or death.

Pathways

GSTM4's activity integrates into pathways such as glutathione metabolism and the xenobiotic detoxification pathway. These pathways utilize GSTM4 and other proteins including the glutathione itself to neutralize toxic compounds and mitigate cellular stress. Other related proteins in these pathways include various isoforms of Glutathione S-transferases highlighting a cooperative network essential for effective detoxification processes inside the body.

Research links GSTM4 to susceptibility to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is implicated in the risk of certain cancers particularly those related to oxidative stress and damage where its detoxification capability may be challenged. Furthermore GSTM4 interacts with proteins such as p53 a critical protein in regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis demonstrating its potential influence on cancer development. In neurodegenerative diseases the relationship between GSTM4 and oxidative damage highlights its significance in the context of diseases like Alzheimer's where increased oxidative stress plays a role in disease pathology.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Visit the General protocols
Visit the Troubleshooting

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Target data

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles (PubMed : 8203914, PubMed : 8373352). Catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form leukotriene C4 (PubMed : 27791009). Can also catalyze the transfer of a glutathionyl group from glutathione (GSH) to 13(S),14(S)-epoxy-docosahexaenoic acid to form maresin conjugate in tissue regeneration 1 (MCTR1), a bioactive lipid mediator that possess potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions (PubMed : 27791009).

See full target information Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4

Alternative Names

Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4, GST class-mu 4, GST-Mu2, GSTM4-4, Leukotriene C4 synthase GSTM4, GSTM4

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Publications (2)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full listand refine your search

Cancer research 84:1659-1679 PubMed38382068

2024

PABPC1L Induces IDO1 to Promote Tryptophan Metabolism and Immune Suppression in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Guannan Shu,Minyu Chen,Wuyuan Liao,Liangmin Fu,Mingjie Lin,Chengpeng Gui,Junjie Cen,Jun Lu,Zhenhua Chen,Jinhuan Wei,Wei Chen,Yinghan Wang,Jiangquan Zhu,Tianxin Zhao,Xiaonan Liu,Jiajia Jing,Guo-Chang Liu,Yihui Pan,Junhang Luo,Jiaxing Zhang

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 8:612091 PubMed33415100

2020

Proteomic Reveals Reasons for Acquired Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer Derived Brain Metastasis Based on a Newly Established Multi-Organ Microfluidic Chip Model.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Mingxin Xu,Yingyan Wang,Wenzhe Duan,Shengkai Xia,Song Wei,Wenwen Liu,Qi Wang

View all publications

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