Anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody [EPR10353]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Helicobacter pylori often called H. pylori is a gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium with a mass of about 3.39 megadaltons. This organism colonizes the human gastric epithelium where it survives in the acidic environment of the stomach. The bacterium expresses urease which breaks down urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide helping neutralize gastric acid. It attaches to the gastric mucosa using flagella for motility and adheres to host cells via adhesins. Researchers utilize specific staining methods such as the Helicobacter pylori stain and tools like anti-Helicobacter antibodies to detect and study this pathogen.

Biological function summary

Helicobacter pylori plays a significant role in gastric health by disrupting mucosal integrity. It engages in the secretion of virulence factors like CagA and VacA leading to changes in cellular signaling and inflammation. H. pylori does not operate as part of a large complex but its interactions with the gastric mucosa have substantial effects. Detection and diagnosis often employ tools like H. pylori IHC and H. pylori antibody kits which target the bacterium's proteins to confirm infection presence.

Pathways

H. pylori infection activates signaling routes including the NF-κB pathway and the MAPK pathway in gastric epithelial cells. These pathways contribute to inflammatory responses and immune cell activation leading to mucosal damage. Within these pathways proteins like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) play roles in mediating inflammation initiated by the bacterial colonization of the gastric lining.

Associated diseases and disorders

Chronic H. pylori infection has strong associations with gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. The bacterium promotes persistent inflammation and cellular damage that can progress to malignancy. H. pylori-related disorders are linked with proteins such as CagA a known oncogenic factor that interferes with host cell signaling and promotes carcinogenesis. Detection and specific targeting by Helicobacter pylori antibodies play important roles in managing and studying these conditions.