Anti-HIV1 gp120 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

HIV1 gp120 also known as glycoprotein 120 is a protein present on the exterior of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). This protein is an essential component for the virus's ability to infect host cells. It weighs approximately 120 kDa. Researchers find it abundantly expressed on the surface of HIV-1 virions and it plays an important role in viral entry by binding to the CD4 receptors on host T helper cells. The gp120 protein structure comprises multiple domains each contributing to the binding process which facilitates viral fusion with the host cell membrane.

Biological function summary

The HIV1 gp120 protein functions by facilitating the attachment and entry of the virus into host cells. It is part of a larger glycoprotein complex that also includes gp41 another envelope protein. The interaction of gp120 with CD4 receptors on the host cell surface triggers conformational changes that expose binding sites for coreceptors such as CCR5 or CXCR4 which are necessary for viral entry. These interactions are important for establishing a successful infection and allowing the virus to replicate within the host.

Pathways

The function of HIV1 gp120 significantly impacts several cellular signaling pathways in the host. One critical pathway is the immune response signaling pathway which it modulates to evade detection by the immune system. After gp120 binds to CD4 and a coreceptor it can influence pathways involving cytokine production leading to immune suppression. The relationship between gp120 and gp41 is vital with the latter facilitating membrane fusion after gp120 binding illustrating interdependence within the viral entry pathway.

Associated diseases and disorders

HIV1 gp120 is directly linked to the progression of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The protein's ability to hijack CD4 T cells and weaken the immune system plays a major role in the disease's development. The dimerization with gp41 in the viral envelope enhances infection efficiency exacerbating immune depletion. HIV1 gp120 is also implicated in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders primarily through its interactions with other viral proteins and host cellular receptors leading to neurological complications in infected individuals.