HRP Anti-Influenza A virus H1N1 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The Influenza A virus H1N1 is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that plays a role in viral replication and infection. This virus is known as 'swine flu' and has a protein structure with a mass of approximately 13.6 kDa. H1N1 virus is expressed on the surface of influenza virions and is responsible for the attachment of the virus to host cells. The hemagglutinin protein often referred to by its abbreviation 'HA' assists the virus to bind to the sialic acid receptors on epithelial cells in the respiratory tract facilitating viral entry into host cells.

Biological function summary

The H1N1 virus achieves this by functioning as an important antigenic protein important in immune response evasion. Hemagglutinin interacts with neuraminidase another major surface protein of the influenza virus forming a functional complex. This interaction is essential for viral infectivity as it mediates the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane allowing viral RNA to be released into the host cellular environment. The balance between hemagglutinin and neuraminidase functional activities regulates the virus's ability to infect and spread effectively.

Pathways

The H1N1 hemagglutinin is involved in the viral entry mechanism and has a role in the intracellular pathways of endocytosis and uncoating. The interaction with sialic acid receptors initiates the endocytosis pathway allowing the virus to enter the host cell while further processing involves the uncoating pathway which releases the viral RNA into the host cell interior. Neuraminidase aids in viral replication helping the virus to escape from the host cell and infect other cells. This interconnected activity of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is essential for successful viral propagation.

Associated diseases and disorders

The H1N1 strain relates closely to influenza epidemics and pandemics which lead to respiratory illnesses in humans. The virus's interaction with host immune response proteins such as interferon determines the severity of the disease. Hemagglutinin's variability can lead to antigenic drift posing challenges for vaccine development and increasing infection severity. The high mutation rate of H1N1 highlights its ongoing impact during influenza seasons and raises concerns over potential pandemic threats.