HRP Anti-Topoisomerase II alpha + Topoisomerase II beta antibody [EPR5377]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Topoisomerase II alpha and Topoisomerase II beta often referred to as TOP2A and TOP2B respectively are enzymes weighing approximately 170 kDa each. They are known for their role in altering the topological states of DNA during transcription and replication by creating transient double-stranded breaks in the DNA helix. TOP2A and TOP2B exhibit differential expression; TOP2A is generally more active in proliferating cells especially in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle while TOP2B is expressed in non-proliferating cells. The expression occurs in a variety of central tissues with notable presence in the liver lungs and brain.

Biological function summary

These enzymes are important for processes like DNA replication chromosome segregation and recombination. They don't function as part of larger complexes but perform their tasks independently. While both enzymes facilitate DNA strand passage TOP2A is more relevant during cell division ensuring that chromosomes are properly disentangled and segregated. Meanwhile TOP2B functions in regulating transcription in differentiated cells by enabling structural changes necessary for gene expression modulation.

Pathways

Topoisomerase II alpha and beta are integral to DNA replication and repair pathways. In the replication pathway they work closely with proteins like DNA polymerase to ensure DNA strands do not entangle. In the DNA damage response pathway these enzymes help resolve DNA supercoils and knots that form during replication stress. By interacting with proteins such as the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) they contribute significantly to maintaining genome stability preventing genetic aberrations during replication.

Associated diseases and disorders

Topoisomerase II enzymes have strong links to cancer and neurological disorders. In cancers particularly those involving rapidly dividing cells like leukemia overexpression or mutations in TOP2A can lead to unchecked cell proliferation. Interactions with proteins like p53 a tumor suppressor highlight their importance in cancer biology. In neurological disorders aberrant activity of TOP2B has connections to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's through its role in transcription regulation. These interactions can affect proteins associated with neuronal function highlighting the enzymes' diverse impact on human health.