Anti-Integrin alpha 4/CD49D antibody [P4C2]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Integrin alpha 4 also known as CD49D or ITGA4 is a transmembrane receptor with a mass of approximately 150 kDa. This protein is expressed on the surface of leukocytes including T and B lymphocytes monocytes and eosinophils. Integrin alpha 4 functions by interacting mechanically with the extracellular matrix components and endothelial cell counter-receptors like VCAM-1 facilitating cell adhesion and migration. Its expression is vital for the immune cells' ability to move and locate sites of inflammation or injury.

Biological function summary

Integrin alpha 4 forms a heterodimer complex with beta subunits like beta 1 (forming VLA-4) or beta 7 allowing it to mediate adhesion and signaling pathways. In particular the alpha 4 and beta 1 dimerization gives rise to a high-affinity receptor for fibronectin and VCAM-1. This interaction is essential for regulating immune responses and maintaining cell positioning within tissues. The presence of this complex on leukocytes drives their ability to navigate through the vasculature to inflamed areas.

Pathways

Integrin alpha 4 participates in significant signal transduction pathways including the MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. These pathways modulate cell survival proliferation and migration. In the MAPK pathway integrin alpha 4 influences cell signaling cascades by interacting with other proteins like TALIN or PAXILLIN which are important for integrin-mediated signal relay. In connection with PI3K-Akt pathway alpha 4 integrins work closely with proteins in regulating cellular adhesion and motility showing a dynamic interplay in immune regulation.

Associated diseases and disorders

Integrin alpha 4 plays an important role in various immune-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. The protein's participation in leukocyte adhesion and trafficking makes it a target for therapeutic intervention. Natalizumab a monoclonal antibody against alpha 4 integrin showcases the critical link between the protein and disease treatment by blocking leukocyte migration to reduce inflammation. Additionally integrin alpha 4's interaction with proteins like VCAM-1 and VLA-4 highlights its relevance in these autoimmune conditions highlighting its importance in disease pathophysiology.