Anti-LCT antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

LCT also known as lactase-phlorizin hydrolase is an enzyme that mechanically breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. This enzyme weighs approximately 160 kDa. It primarily localizes in the small intestine where it resides on the brush border of the enterocytes. The high expression levels in infants allow them to digest the lactose in breast milk effectively but expression can decrease with age depending on genetic factors.

Biological function summary

LCT functions to enable the proper digestion and absorption of lactose critical for energy production in lactose-consuming individuals. It belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family and operates effectively at the intestinal surface. LCT does not work alone but collaborates with other small intestine enzymes that further aid in carbohydrate digestion.

Pathways

The digestion process involving LCT plays an important role in lactose metabolism and the subsequent galactose metabolism pathway. It interfaces intimately with proteins such as SGLT1 (sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1) which facilitate the uptake of glucose and galactose across the intestinal membrane. This synergy allows for the efficient conversion of ingested lactose into absorbable sugars which enter glycolytic pathways.

Associated diseases and disorders

LCT relates closely to lactose intolerance and congenital lactase deficiency. In lactose intolerance insufficient LCT activity results in undigested lactose in the colon causing symptoms like bloating and diarrhea. Mutations affecting the LCT gene or its regulatory components can lead to congenital lactase deficiency a more severe hereditary form present from birth. Reduced expression or functionality of LCT interacts with increased activity of bacterial beta-galactosidase in the gut exacerbating symptoms.