Anti-MC4-R antibody [EPR6534(2)(ABC)]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The melanocortin-4 receptor also known as MC4-R is a G protein-coupled receptor found within the melanocortin receptor family. It has a molecular mass of approximately 38 kDa. MC4-R is expressed in the central nervous system with high levels in the hypothalamus a region that regulates energy balance and homeostasis. The receptor is activated by several peptide ligands including alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and it interacts with specific signaling cascades through G proteins.

Biological function summary

The actions through MC4-R are important for energy regulation and appetite control. As part of the melanocortin system MC4-R influences feeding behavior and energy expenditure. Its activation by endogenous or synthetic MC4-R activators suppresses appetite and increases energy consumption. The receptor does not work alone; it forms part of a signaling complex involving other receptor proteins such as MC3-R. The activity of MC4-R also connects to the regulation of body weight and influences fat mass.

Pathways

MC4-R plays an important role in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and the central regulation of energy homeostasis. Leptin a hormone produced by adipose tissues acts upstream by enhancing α-MSH production which in turn activates MC4-R. This activation leads to reduced food intake and increased thermogenesis. Moreover MC4-R interacts with another important signaling protein AGRP (Agouti-related peptide) which acts as an antagonist opposing the effects of α-MSH and regulating energy balance in a complex feedback system.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or dysregulation of MC4-R are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. About 5% of severe early-onset obesity cases involve mutations in the MC4-R gene. The receptor influences the risk for obesity-related conditions through its interactions with AGRP and α-MSH. Additionally compromised MC4-R signaling can lead to disorders such as cachexia where it impacts appetite and metabolism related to conditions like cancer or chronic illness. Defective MC4-R activity therefore is important in understanding the intricate balance between appetite energy expenditure and body mass control.