Anti-MHC class I antibody [R1-21.2]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

MHC class I also known as MHC-1 or simply MHC I is a molecule playing an important role in the immune system. The molecule is a heterodimer composed of a heavy chain weighing around 45 kDa and a light chain. MHC class I molecules are expressed on nearly all nucleated cells in the body. They present peptide fragments from intracellular proteins to CD8+ T cells helping the immune system recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells. Alternate names like H-2Kd/H-2Dd in mice highlight its role in antigen presentation across different species.

Biological function summary

The molecules of MHC class I form part of the adaptive immune system. They act as a complex with peptides which are derived from proteins degraded by the proteasome. The peptide-MHC I complex travels to the cell surface where it engages with the T cell receptor (TCR) on cytotoxic T cells. This interaction is essential for immune surveillance ensuring the body identifies cells that might compromise health such as those infected by viruses or transformed malignantly.

Pathways

The function of MHC class I integrates into the antigen processing and presentation pathways. It is pivotal in the proteasome-dependent pathway for processing endogenous antigens. Proteins like TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) assist in transporting peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for loading onto MHC class I. This pathway is central to cellular immunity and intersects with various immune response cascades.

Associated diseases and disorders

MHC class I has associations with autoimmune disorders and certain viral infections. Aberrant expression or mutations can lead to diseases like Ankylosing Spondylitis or impact responses to chronic viral infections such as HIV. The involvement of MHC class I in presenting viral peptides often links it to immune evasion mechanisms utilizable by viruses. Hence this protein works closely with immune system proteins like cytokines influencing disease outcomes.