Rabbit Polyclonal MLKL antibody. Suitable for WB and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 16 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human MLKL aa 1-250.
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- Cell death discovery 9:572023Repositioning linifanib as a potent anti-necroptosis agent for sepsis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLiang Yu,Kai Yang,Xiaoyan He,Min Li,Lin Gao,Yunhong ZhaPubMed 36765040
- Cell death & disease 13:7732022PP6 negatively modulates LUBAC-mediated M1-ubiquitination of RIPK1 and c-FLIP to promote TNFα-mediated cell death.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesGuowei Wu,Dekang Li,Wei Liang,Weimin Sun,Xingxing Xie,Yilun Tong,Bing Shan,Mengmeng Zhang,Xiaojuan Lu,Junying Yuan,Ying LiPubMed 36071040
- Cell death & disease 12:9942021Quantitative analysis of phosphoproteome in necroptosis reveals a role of TRIM28 phosphorylation in promoting necroptosis-induced cytokine production.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesRui Zu,Zhen Yu,Jing Zhao,Xiaojuan Lu,Wei Liang,Le Sun,Chenfang Si,Kezhou Zhu,Tian Zhang,Ganquan Li,Mengmeng Zhang,Yaoyang Zhang,Nan Liu,Junying Yuan,Bing ShanPubMed 34689152
- Molecular medicine reports 24:2021Astaxanthin induces NADPH oxidase activation and receptor‑interacting protein kinase 1‑mediated necroptosis in gastric cancer AGS cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSori Kim,Hanbit Lee,Joo Weon Lim,Hyeyoung KimPubMed 34608499
- Molecular medicine reports 24:2021Upregulation of RIP3 promotes necroptosis via a ROS‑dependent NF‑κB pathway to induce chronic inflammation in HK‑2 cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJunjun Wei,Liangliang Chen,Duidui Wang,Li Tang,Zhenhua Xie,Weifeng Chen,Shuwei Zhang,Guobin WengPubMed 34498705
- Cell death & disease 12:1402021ABIN-1 is a key regulator in RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA) and necroptosis, and ABIN-1 deficiency potentiates necroptosis-based cancer therapy in colorectal cancer.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJiali Cai,Die Hu,Judy Sakya,Tao Sun,Daoyong Wang,Lin Wang,Xiaohua Mao,Zhenyi SuPubMed 33542218
- Molecular cell 81:370-385.e72020RIPK1 Promotes Energy Sensing by the mTORC1 Pathway.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAyaz Najafov,Hoang Son Luu,Adnan K Mookhtiar,Lauren Mifflin,Hong-Guang Xia,Palak P Amin,Alban Ordureau,Huibing Wang,Junying YuanPubMed 33271062
- International journal of oncology 57:1280-12922020Macrolide antibiotics enhance the antitumor effect of lansoprazole resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization‑associated cell death.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAtsuo Takeda et. al.PubMed 33173988
- Cell death and differentiation 28:915-9312020Genetic inactivation of RIP1 kinase does not ameliorate disease in a mouse model of ALS.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSara Dominguez,Eugene Varfolomeev,Robert Brendza,Kim Stark,Joy Tea,Jose Imperio,Hai Ngu,Timothy Earr,Oded Foreman,Joshua D Webster,Amy Easton,Domagoj Vucic,Baris BingolPubMed 32994544
- Frontiers in oncology 10:17202020Up-Regulation of RIP3 Alleviates Prostate Cancer Progression by Activation of RIP3/MLKL Signaling Pathway and Induction of Necroptosis.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesKe-Jie Wang et. al.PubMed 32984054
Key facts
- Isotype
- IgG
- Host species
- Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7
Preservative: 0.025% Proclin 300
Constituents: 79% PBS, 20% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine)- Form
- Liquid
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
Immunogen
- Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human MLKL aa 1-250. The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information. Database link Q8NB16
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Reactivity data
Select an application| WB | |
|---|---|
| Human | Tested |
WB
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 - 1/3000 | Notes - |
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Target data
Function
Pseudokinase that plays a key role in TNF-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process (PubMed:22265413, PubMed:22265414, PubMed:22421439, PubMed:24316671). Does not have protein kinase activity (PubMed:22265413, PubMed:22265414, PubMed:22421439, PubMed:24316671). Activated following phosphorylation by RIPK3, leading to homotrimerization, localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage (PubMed:22265413, PubMed:22265414, PubMed:22421439, PubMed:24316671). In addition to TNF-induced necroptosis, necroptosis can also take place in the nucleus in response to orthomyxoviruses infection: following activation by ZBP1, MLKL is phosphorylated by RIPK3 in the nucleus, triggering disruption of the nuclear envelope and leakage of cellular DNA into the cytosol.following ZBP1 activation, which senses double-stranded Z-RNA structures, nuclear RIPK3 catalyzes phosphorylation and activation of MLKL, promoting disruption of the nuclear envelope and leakage of cellular DNA into the cytosol (By similarity). Binds to highly phosphorylated inositol phosphates such as inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) which is essential for its necroptotic function (PubMed:29883610).
Alternative names
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, hMLKL, MLKL
Recommended products
Rabbit Polyclonal MLKL antibody. Suitable for WB and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 16 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human MLKL aa 1-250.
Key facts
- Isotype
- IgG
- Host species
- Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7
Preservative: 0.025% Proclin 300
Constituents: 79% PBS, 20% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine)- Form
- Liquid
- Clonality
- Polyclonal
- Immunogen
- Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human MLKL aa 1-250. The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information. Database link Q8NB16
- Purification technique
- Affinity purification Immunogen
- Concentration
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage duration
- 1-2 weeks
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- -20°C
- Aliquoting information
- Upon delivery aliquot
- Storage information
- Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Notes
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Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
MLKL also known as mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein plays a critical role in the process of necroptosis a form of programmed cell death. The MLKL protein has a molecular weight of approximately 54 kDa. The protein exists mainly within the cytoplasm but translocates to the plasma membrane during cell death execution. Expression of MLKL happens in various tissues indicating its wide biological importance. Phosphorylation of MLKL often referred to as p-MLKL is key to triggering its activity marking the transition from an inactive to an active state during necroptosis.
- Biological function summary
The MLKL protein acts as an executioner of cell death by forming a complex that disrupts the plasma membrane integrity. This process is downstream of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which phosphorylates MLKL to form the active necrosome complex. Active MLKL oligomerizes and migrates towards the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates which assists in pore formation and cellular rupture. The ability to measure MLKL activity levels such as via MLKL ELISA kits is important for understanding necrotic processes in detailed studies.
- Pathways
MLKL is integrally involved in the necroptotic pathway alongside RIPK1 and RIPK3 which are key initiators of necroptosis. Phosphorylated MLKL acts downstream of RIPK3 resulting in cell death without caspase activation distinguishing necroptosis from apoptosis. MLKL and RIPK3 are tightly linked within this pathway with MLKL phosphorylation serving as a vital event for the execution phase. The necroptosis pathway is part of larger networks including inflammatory response pathways highlighting the importance of MLKL's role beyond sheer cell death.
- Associated diseases and disorders
MLKL has been implicated in various inflammatory conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. The dysregulation of necroptosis can contribute to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In inflammatory bowel disease increased levels of p-MLKL might lead to excessive cell death exacerbating inflammation. Similarly in neurodegenerative disorders the harmful activation of MLKL may accelerate neuronal cell death. Key interactions with proteins like RIPK3 and RIPK1 highlight MLKL's involvement in these pathological processes making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Expected
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
Predicted
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
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2 product images
Western blot - Anti-MLKL antibody (ab183770)
10% SDS-PAGE
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-MLKL antibody (ab183770) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: THP-1 whole cell lysate at 30 µg
Lane 2: NCI-H929 whole cell lysate at 30 µg
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the publication
Western blot - Anti-MLKL antibody (ab183770)
MLKL western blot using anti-MLKL antibody ab183770. Publication image and figure legend from Su, W., Zhao, J., et al., 2020, Front Pharmacol, PubMed 32210806.
ab183770 was used in this publication in western blot. This may not be the same as the application(s) guaranteed by Abcam. For a full list of applications guaranteed by Abcam for ab183770 please see the product overview.
High-dose carteolol induced necroptotic protein expression in HCECs. (A) Western immunoblot images of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL and pMLKL proteins in 0.5–2% carteolol-treated HCECs. (B) The protein expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL and pMLKL were upregulated (P < 0.01), and the relative amount of each protein was expressed as a percentage (mean ± SD) of protein band density as compared that of β-actin at the same time-point (n = 3), while Nec-1 management manifested a significant inhibitory effect on the increased production of these proteins (P < 0.05 at the protein expression of RIPK3 with 2% cartelol-treated group, P < 0.01 at the other group). *P < 0.05, and **P < 0.01 vs control. (C) The activation of caspase-2 was measured by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies targeted against their active forms (P < 0.01). The 490 nm absorbance of each group was expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01 versus the blank control. (D) The caspase-8 was measured by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies targeted against their active forms (P < 0.05 at the caspase-8 activation with 2% cartelol-treated 2 h group, P < 0.01 at the other group). The 490 nm absorbance of each group was expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, and **P < 0.01 versus the blank control.
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