Anti-MSC antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The biological target MSC short for Mesenchymal Stem Cell is a multipotent stromal cell capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts chondrocytes and adipocytes. MSCs usually express surface markers such as CD73 CD90 and CD105 while lacking expression of hematopoietic markers like CD45 and CD34. These cells are primarily found in the bone marrow but are also present in adipose tissue umbilical cord blood and other tissues. MSCs typically range in size from 15 to 30 µm and play a significant role in tissue homeostasis and repair.

Biological function summary

MSCs engage in critical roles concerning tissue regeneration and immune modulation. MSCs interact within a complex cellular microenvironment to promote healing by secreting a variety of cytokines and growth factors. These cells aid in the down-regulation of immune responses which is vital for transplantation tolerance and autoimmunity treatment. While they are not strictly part of a single cellular complex their interactions with immune cells such as T-cells and dendritic cells highlight their multifaceted functionality.

Pathways

Mesenchymal Stem Cells participate in the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways. In the Wnt/β-catenin pathway MSCs influence cell proliferation and differentiation engaging proteins such as β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). In the context of the TGF-β pathway MSCs are involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix production and maintenance interacting with proteins like SMAD2/3 to convey signals essential for cellular processes. These pathways underline MSCs' involvement in both regenerative and regulatory roles in various tissue contexts.

Associated diseases and disorders

MSCs show promise in treating osteoarthritis and graft-versus-host disease due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. In osteoarthritis MSCs contribute to cartilage repair and anti-inflammatory modulation working in conjunction with proteins like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to restore joint function. For graft-versus-host disease MSCs help mitigate immune reactions via interactions with T-cell receptors creating an environment conducive to tissue repair and immune tolerance. These associations highlight MSCs as potential therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine.