Anti-Msx2/Hox8 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Msx2 also known as Hox8 or Msh homeobox 2 is a transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences influencing gene expression. It belongs to the homeobox gene family and has a molecular weight of approximately 35 kDa. This protein is expressed in several tissues including the craniofacial mesenchyme limbs and skin. Msx2 plays a role in embryonic development and tissue remodeling by regulating gene transcription required for cell proliferation differentiation and apoptosis.

Biological function summary

Msx2 influences craniofacial development and limb patterning. It acts as part of a regulatory complex that coordinates processes like cranial suture closure and appendage morphogenesis. Msx2 interacts with other transcription factors and signaling molecules to modulate cellular responses during important developmental phases. Disruptions in Msx2 activity can impact normal cell function leading to developmental defects especially in the skeletal system.

Pathways

Msx2 is an important player in the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways. It interacts with proteins such as β-catenin and Smad1/Smad5 to mediate these pathways' output affecting various cell fate decisions. In the Wnt pathway Msx2 modulation helps regulate bone formation while in the BMP pathway it influences osteoblast differentiation. This integration into multiple pathways highlights Msx2’s importance in skeletal development and homeostasis.

Associated diseases and disorders

Msx2 is associated with craniosynostosis and osteopetrosis. In craniosynostosis the premature fusion of cranial sutures is linked to dysregulated expression of Msx2. Altered interactions with proteins like Runx2 and Twist1 contribute to this pathology. In osteopetrosis Msx2's involvement in bone density regulation through its interaction with the BMP pathway is critical. Insights into Msx2’s role in these conditions can advance therapeutic development targeting these molecular interactions.