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AB424

Anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine antibody [81D4]

5

(2 Reviews)

|

(19 Publications)

Mouse Monoclonal N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine antibody. Suitable for ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-Fr and reacts with Modified Amino Acid samples. Cited in 19 publications.
2 Images
Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine antibody [81D4] (AB424)
  • IHC-Fr

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine antibody [81D4] (AB424)

ab424 staining N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine in kidney tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections). Sections A through D were stained for insoluble tissue transglutaminase, while E through H were stained for N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine crosslink. A, B, E, F were control kidneys; C, D, G, H were diseased kidneys showing increased staining in the expanded interstitium, the mesangium and periglomerular.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine antibody [81D4] (AB424)
  • IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine antibody [81D4] (AB424)

ab424 staining N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine in skin tissue sections.

Key facts

Host species

Mouse

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

81D4

Isotype

IgM

Light chain type

kappa

Carrier free

No

Applications

IHC-P, ELISA, IHC-Fr

applications

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "ELISA" : {"fullname" : "ELISA", "shortname":"ELISA"}, "IHCP" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections)", "shortname":"IHC-P"}, "IHCFr" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections)", "shortname":"IHC-Fr"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Modified Amino Acid": { "ELISA-species-checked": "guaranteed", "ELISA-species-dilution-info": "", "ELISA-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "1/50 - 1/800", "IHCP-species-notes": "<p></p>", "IHCFr-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCFr-species-dilution-info": "1/50 - 1/800", "IHCFr-species-notes": "<p></p>" } } }
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Product details

The ability of this antibody to fix complement is unknown. The isopeptide may be purchased from Bachem Catalog number G-1970.
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Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Storage buffer
Constituents: Phosphate Buffer, 5.8% Sodium chloride, 2% Sucrose
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The biological target N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine also known as gamma lysine is a result of an enzymatic reaction where transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of an isopeptide bond between the gamma-carboxamide group of a glutamine and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine. This covalent linkage results in the crosslinking of proteins making them insoluble under physiological conditions. The target exists in various tissues but shows strong expression in areas requiring mechanical stability such as the skin hair and blood clot polymers.
Biological function summary

N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine plays important roles in cellular stability and structure. It serves as a crosslinking agent helping stabilize protein complexes vital for cellular integrity. These complexes include but are not limited to the extracellular matrix proteins and cytoskeletal structures. This stability conferred by the target ensures the resilience and elasticity of tissues and contributes to processes like wound healing and blood clot formation.

Pathways

N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine participates in significant biological pathways such as the coagulation cascade and skin barrier formation. The crosslinking alteration affects the stabilization of fibrin an important protein in the coagulation pathway which aids in forming a stable blood clot. It also supports epidermal keratin proteins in the skin formation pathway contributing to the maintenance of the skin barrier. These interactions highlight the target’s critical regulatory roles linking it to proteins like factor XIII and keratin within these pathways.

N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine shows connections to pathologies such as celiac disease and certain types of cancer. The target's role in protein crosslinking implicates it in celiac disease where altered transglutaminase activity leads to inappropriate immune responses. In cancer abnormal crosslinking can affect tissue rigidity and impact tumor development or progression. While other proteins are involved like tissue transglutaminase in celiac disease the modification of N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine remains a critical aspect of these disorders.
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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:
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Target data

See full target information N epsilon gamma glutamyl Lysine
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Publications (19)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Nature communications 15:6610 PubMed39098904

2024

Ultrasound-responsive theranostic platform for the timely monitoring and efficient thrombolysis in thrombi of tPA resistance.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Lin Lin,Zhaojing Ba,Hao Tian,Haoxiang Qin,Xi Chen,Xin Zhou,Shanlan Zhao,Lang Li,Fangchao Xue,Hong Li,Lang He,Xiaochen Li,Jiahui Du,Zhenhua Zhou,Wen Zeng

Fish & shellfish immunology 152:109769 PubMed39025167

2024

An i-type lysozyme from a crustacean, Pacifastacus leniusculus, functions as a clot-destabilising enzyme.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Charlotta Ekblom,Kenneth Söderhäll,Irene Söderhäll

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 61:41 PubMed32832971

2020

Crosslinked Extracellular Matrix Stiffens Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Via Dysregulating β-catenin and YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathways.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Felix Yemanyi,Janice Vranka,Vijay Krishna Raghunathan

The FEBS journal 285:3056-3076 PubMed29935061

2018

Targeting transglutaminase 2 partially restores extracellular matrix structure but not alveolar architecture in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ivana Mižíková,Tilman Pfeffer,Claudio Nardiello,David E Surate Solaligue,Heiko Steenbock,Hideki Tatsukawa,Diogo M Silva,István Vadász,Susanne Herold,Richard J Pease,Siiri E Iismaa,Kiyotaka Hitomi,Werner Seeger,Jürgen Brinckmann,Rory E Morty

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 58:6197-6211 PubMed29222550

2017

Tissue Transglutaminase Elevates Intraocular Pressure in Mice.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Urmimala Raychaudhuri,J Cameron Millar,Abbot F Clark

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and 313:L752-L762 PubMed28775095

2017

Transglutaminase 2 in pulmonary and cardiac tissue remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Krishna C Penumatsa,Deniz Toksoz,Rod R Warburton,Mousa Kharnaf,Ioana R Preston,Navin K Kapur,Chaitan Khosla,Nicholas S Hill,Barry L Fanburg

Developmental and comparative immunology 76:77-82 PubMed28528959

2017

Role of astakine1 in regulating transglutaminase activity.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ratchanok Sirikharin,Kingkamon Junkunlo,Kenneth Söderhäll,Irene Söderhäll

The European respiratory journal 44:109-21 PubMed24603819

2014

Transglutaminase 2: a new player in bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Thilo J Witsch,Gero Niess,Elpidoforos Sakkas,Tatyana Likhoshvay,Simone Becker,Susanne Herold,Konstantin Mayer,István Vadász,Jesse D Roberts,Werner Seeger,Rory E Morty

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 62:1105-10 PubMed24060894

2013

Arterial stiffening precedes systolic hypertension in diet-induced obesity.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Robert M Weisbrod,Tina Shiang,Leona Al Sayah,Jessica L Fry,Saumendra Bajpai,Cynthia A Reinhart-King,Heinrich E Lob,Lakshmi Santhanam,Gary Mitchell,Richard A Cohen,Francesca Seta

PloS one 8:e74437 PubMed24058567

2013

Transglutaminase 2 overexpression in tumor stroma identifies invasive ductal carcinomas of breast at high risk of recurrence.

Applications

IHC-P

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Jasmeet Assi,Gunjan Srivastava,Ajay Matta,Martin C Chang,Paul G Walfish,Ranju Ralhan
View all publications
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Product promise

We are committed to supporting your work with high-quality reagents, and we're here for you every step of the way. In the unlikely event that one of our products does not perform as expected, you're protected by our Product Promise.
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