Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody ab16502 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that is used in NF-kB p65 western blotting, IHC and immunofluorescence. Suitable for human and mouse samples.
- Specificity confirmed with RELA knockout cell line validation
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- NPJ biofilms and microbiomes 9:992023Spinal cord injury-induced gut dysbiosis influences neurological recovery partly through short-chain fatty acids.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYingli Jing,Degang Yang,Fan Bai,Qiuying Wang,Chao Zhang,Yitong Yan,Zihan Li,Yan Li,Zhiguo Chen,Jianjun Li,Yan YuPubMed 38092763
- BMC infectious diseases 23:8452023Role of the cAMP-PKA-NF-κB pathway in Mucin1 over-expression in A549 cells during Respiratory syncytial virus infection.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYingkang Jin,Dongwei Zhang,Kuimiao Deng,Peiqiong Wu,Diyuan Yang,Zhiwei Xie,Wenjun Qiu,Guangyuan YuPubMed 38036963
- Marine drugs 21:2023Low-Molecular-Weight Fish Collagen Peptide (Valine-Glycine-Proline-Hydroxyproline-Glycine-Proline-Alanine-Glycine) Prevents Osteoarthritis Symptoms in Chondrocytes and Monoiodoacetate-Injected Rats.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesWonhee Cho,Jeongjin Park,Jinhee Kim,Minhee Lee,So Jung Park,Kyung Seok Kim,Woojin Jun,Ok-Kyung Kim,Jeongmin LeePubMed 38132929
- The International journal of neuroscience :1-112023Activation of SIRT1 by hyperbaric oxygenation promotes recovery of motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury rats.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesHuiqiang Chen,Ranran Xing,Xinwei Yin,Huai HuangPubMed 37982284
- Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 18:8762023BRD4 facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through WNT4/NF-κB pathway.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesTao Ning,Huihui Guo,Mingming Ma,Zhengang ZhaPubMed 37980502
- Molecular medicine reports 29:2023MCPIP1 alleviates depressive‑like behaviors in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/TRAF6/NF‑κB pathway to suppress neuroinflammation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesQi An,Jiejing Xia,Fanchun Pu,Shaobo ShiPubMed 37975259
- Stem cells international 2023:88870912023Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Heme Oxygenase-1 Promotes Symptoms Recovery in Cystitis Rats by Alleviating Neuroinflammation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesQiongqiong Gao,Zhentao Gao,Minzhi Su,Yong Huang,Chi Zhang,Cuiping Li,Hailun Zhan,Bolong Liu,Xiangfu ZhouPubMed 38020203
- Cellular & molecular biology letters 28:912023Irf7 regulates the expression of Srg3 and ferroptosis axis aggravated sepsis-induced acute lung injury.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesXinyu Ling,Shiyou Wei,Dandan Ling,Siqi Cao,Rui Chang,Qiuyun Wang,Zhize YuanPubMed 37946128
- Nature communications 14:70482023Wnt activation disturbs cell competition and causes diffuse invasion of transformed cells through NF-κB-MMP21 pathway.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesKazuki Nakai,Hancheng Lin,Shotaro Yamano,Shinya Tanaka,Sho Kitamoto,Hitoshi Saitoh,Kenta Sakuma,Junpei Kurauchi,Eilma Akter,Masamitsu Konno,Kojiro Ishibashi,Ryo Kamata,Akihiro Ohashi,Jun Koseki,Hirotaka Takahashi,Hideshi Yokoyama,Yukihiro Shiraki,Atsushi Enomoto,Sohei Abe,Yoku Hayakawa,Tetsuo Ushiku,Michihiro Mutoh,Yasuyuki Fujita,Shunsuke KonPubMed 37923722
- Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology 18:628-6392023GPNMB Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Via the Modulation of AMPK/NFκB Signaling Pathway After SAH in Mice.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesTao Li,Yuansheng Zhang,Qixiong Lu,Li Lei,Jingshu Du,Xiaoyang LuPubMed 37919457
Key facts
- Isotype
IgG
- Host species
Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA- Form
Liquid
- Clonality
Polyclonal
Immunogen
- The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
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Reactivity data
Select an application| WB | IHC-P | IP | ICC/IF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
| Mouse | Tested | Expected | Expected | Expected |
| Rat | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
| Heterocephalus glaber | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
| Indian muntjac | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted | Predicted |
WB
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 0.5 µg/mL | Notes Abcam recommends using milk as the blocking agent. |
Species Human | Dilution info 0.5 µg/mL | Notes Abcam recommends using milk as the blocking agent. |
PredictedPredicted
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Indian muntjac, Heterocephalus glaber | Dilution info - | Notes - |
IHC-P
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1-5 µg/mL | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
PredictedPredicted
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Indian muntjac, Heterocephalus glaber | Dilution info - | Notes - |
IP
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
PredictedPredicted
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Indian muntjac, Heterocephalus glaber | Dilution info - | Notes - |
ICC/IF
TestedTested
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1-5 µg/mL | Notes - |
ExpectedExpected
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
PredictedPredicted
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Rat, Indian muntjac, Heterocephalus glaber | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Associated Products
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Target data
Function
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 and RELA-REL complexes, for instance, function as transcriptional activators. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B on NF-kappa-B through retention in the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with RELA. RELA shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. Beside its activity as a direct transcriptional activator, it is also able to modulate promoters accessibility to transcription factors and thereby indirectly regulate gene expression. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with DDX1. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells (PubMed:15790681). The NF-kappa-B homodimeric RELA-RELA complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. Key transcription factor regulating the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection (PubMed:33440148).
Alternative names
Transcription factor p65, Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit, Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, NFKB3, RELA
Recommended products
Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody ab16502 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that is used in NF-kB p65 western blotting, IHC and immunofluorescence. Suitable for human and mouse samples.
- Specificity confirmed with RELA knockout cell line validation
Key facts
- Isotype
IgG
- Host species
Rabbit
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 98.98% PBS, 1% BSA- Form
Liquid
- Clonality
Polyclonal
- Immunogen
- The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
- Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
- Concentration
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
- Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Notes
Abcam is leading the way to address reproducibility in scientific research with our highly validated recombinant monoclonal and recombinant multiclonal antibodies. Search & select one of Abcam's thousands of recombinant alternatives to eliminate batch-variability and unnecessary animal use.
If you do not find a host species to meet your needs, our catalogue and custom Chimeric range provides scientists the specificity of Abcam's RabMAbs in the species backbone of your choice. Remember to also review our range of edited cell lines, proteins and biochemicals relevant to your target that may help you further your research goals.
Abcam antibodies are extensively validated in a wide range of species and applications, so please check the reagent specifications meet your scientific needs before purchasing. If you have any questions or bespoke requirements, simply visit the Contact Us page to send us an inquiry or contact our Support Team ahead of purchase.
Supplementary info
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
NF-kB p65 also known as RelA is a significant component of the NF-kB protein complex. This complex usually involves a molecular weight for p65 of approximately 65 kDa. NF-kB p65 is mechanistically a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in inflammation cell survival and immune response. Expression of p65 is widely seen in various cell types including immune cells and epithelial cells suggesting its role in numerous physiological processes.
- Biological function summary
NF-kB p65 acts as part of the larger NF-kB complex usually forming a heterodimer with other family members like p50. This complex translocates to the nucleus upon activation where it binds specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. The p65 subunit is essential for transactivating target genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Its regulation is important for proper cellular functioning especially in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and inflammatory response.
- Pathways
NF-kB p65 participates in critical pathways like the NF-kB signaling and Toll-like receptor pathways. These pathways are fundamental for initiating immune responses and contribute to the regulation of apoptosis and cellular stress responses. In the context of these pathways the IKK complex plays a pivotal role in NF-kB activation leading to the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of inhibitors that retain NF-kB p65 in the cytoplasm therefore allowing its movement to the nucleus.
- Associated diseases and disorders
NF-kB p65 is implicated in conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Its dysregulation can lead to persistent activation of inflammatory pathways contributing to tumorigenesis and chronic inflammation. In the context of these diseases proteins such as the p50 subunit and the IKK complex are often involved reflecting the importance of tight regulation of NF-kB signaling in preventing pathological conditions.
Product promise
Tested
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
Expected
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
Predicted
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
Not recommended
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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14 product images
Image from Qu D et al. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(8): e0134212. Fig 5. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134212. Reproduced under the Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of VillinCre;Dclk1f/f mouse colon tissue sections labeling NF-kB p65 with ab16502 (brown). Alcian blue was used for counterstaining.Heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed on 4-μm formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections by utilizing a pressurized Decloaking Chamber in citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 99°C for 18 min. For brightfield microscopy, slides were exposed to peroxidase blocking solution prior to the addition of primary antibody (ab16502). After incubation with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, the slides were incubated in peroxidase-conjugated polymer.
Image from Qu D et al. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(8): e0134212. Fig 5. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134212.Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of Dclk1f/f mouse colon tissue sections labeling NF-kB p65 with ab16502 (brown). Alcian blue was used for counterstaining.Heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed on 4-μm formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections by utilizing a pressurized Decloaking Chamber in citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 99°C for 18 min. For brightfield microscopy, slides were exposed to peroxidase blocking solution prior to the addition of primary antibody (ab16502). After incubation with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, the slides were incubated in peroxidase-conjugated polymer.
Immunoprecipitation - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
NF-kB p65 was immunoprecipitated using 0.5mg Hela whole cell extract, 5μg of Rabbit polyclonal to NFkB p65 and 50μl of protein G magnetic beads (+). No antibody was added to the control (-).
The antibody was incubated under agitation with Protein G beads for 10min, Hela whole cell extract lysate diluted in RIPA buffer was added to each sample and incubated for a further 10min under agitation.
Proteins were eluted by addition of 40μl SDS loading buffer and incubated for 10min at 70oC; 10μl of each sample was separated on a SDS PAGE gel, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, blocked with 5% BSA and probed with ab16502.
Secondary: Mouse monoclonal [SB62a] Secondary Antibody Anti-Rabbit HRP (IgG light chain) (Mouse monoclonal [SB62a] Anti-Rabbit IgG light chain (HRP) ab99697).
Band: 68kDa: NFkB p65All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
Predicted band size: 60 kDa
Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
This blot was produced using a 4-12% Bis-tris gel under the MES buffer system. The gel was run at 200V for 50 minutes before being transferred onto a Nitrocellulose membrane at 30V for 70 minutes. The membrane was then blocked for an hour before being incubated with ab16502 overnight at 4°C. Antibody binding was detected using the Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) at a 1:10,000 dilution for 1hr at room temperature and then imaged using the Licor Odyssey CLx.
Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab16502 observed at 70 kDa. Red - loading control, Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245, observed at 37 kDa Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type HAP1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: NF-kB p65 knockout HAP1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: A431 cell lysate at 20 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Western blot - Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 36 kDa, 60 kDa
Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
Blocking/Diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST
Exposure Time: 15 seconds for Lane1 and 3 seconds for Lanes 2 and 3
Normal brain might express low level of p65 (PMID: 21479220)All lanes: Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Human fetal brain lysates at 20 µg
Lane 2: Human fetal kidney lysates at 20 µg
Lane 3: Human fetal lung lysates at 20 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 60 kDa
Observed band size: 65 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
IHC image of Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody staining in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human breast adenocarcinoma performed on a Leica BONDTM system using the standard protocol. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20mins. The section was then incubated with ab16502, 1ug/ml, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
ICC/IF image of ab16502 stained human HeLa cells. The cells were methanol fixed (5 min) and incubated with the antibody (ab16502, 1μg/ml) for 1h at room temperature. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1h. Image-iTTM FX Signal Enhancer was used as the primary blocking agent, 5% BSA (in TBS-T) was used for all other blocking steps. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue). Alexa Fluor® 594 phalloidin was used to label F-actin (red).
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
ICC/IF image of ab16502 stained MCF7 cells. The cells were 4% PFA fixed (10 min) and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to permeabilise the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab16502, 1μg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was goat anti-rabbit DyLight® 488 (IgG - H&L, pre-adsorbed) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96899) used at a 1/250 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1:200 dilution for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43μM.
Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502) at 1 µg/mL
Lane 1: Spleen (Mouse) Tissue Lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: HeLa (Human epithelial carcinoma cell line) Whole Cell Lysate at 10 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG - H&L - Pre-Adsorbed (HRP) at 1/3000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 60 kDa
Observed band size: 64 kDa
Exposure time: 8min
This image is courtesy of an anonymous customer review.Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
ab16502 staining NF-kB p65 in murine peritoneal tumour cells by Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde and blocked with 1% BSA for 60 minutes at room temperature. Samples were incubated with primary antibody (1/1000) for 2 hours. An undiluted Alexa Flour®647-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal was used as the secondary antibody.
Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
This blot was produced using a 4-12% Bis-tris gel under the MOPS buffer system. The gel was run at 200V for 50 minutes before being transferred onto a Nitrocellulose membrane at 30V for 70 minutes. The membrane was then blocked for an hour using 2% Bovine Serum Albumin before being incubated with ab16502 overnight at 4°C. Antibody binding was detected using an anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to HRP, and visualised using ECL development solution ECL Substrate Kit (High Sensitivity) ab133406
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502) at 1 µg/mL
All lanes: HeLa (Human epithelial carcinoma cell line) Whole Cell Lysate at 10 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 50000 mg/mL
Developed using the ECL technique.
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 60 kDa
Observed band size: 64 kDa
Exposure time: 4min
Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502) at 0.5 µg/mL
Lanes 1 and 3: Hela whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lanes 2 and 4: A431 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
SecondaryAll lanes: Alexa Fluor Goat polyclonal to Rabbit IgG at 1/5000 dilution
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 60 kDa
Observed band size: 64 kDa
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
ab16502 at a 1/500 dilution staining Asynchronous and paraformaldehyde-fixed (4%) HeLa cells by immunocytochemistry. The antibody was incubated with the cells 30 minutes and then detected using a Cy3 conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) antibody.
This image is courtesy of an Abreview by Kirk McManus submitted on 27 February 2006.
Immunohistochemistry - Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody (ab16502)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human breast carcinoma labelling NF-kB p65 with ab16502 at a concentration of 0.1 µg/ml. The immunostaining was performed on a Ventana DISCOVERY ULTRA (Roche Tissue Diagnostics) instrument with a OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with DISCOVERY cell conditioning solution (CC2) 100°C, pH 8.5 for 32 mins.
ab16502 Anti-NF-kB p65 antibody was incubated for 16 mins at 37°C. Sections were counterstained with Hematoxylin II. Image inset shows absence of staining in secondary antibody only control.
Customers are encouraged to optimise antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentration, incubation times and temperature for best results in their own IHC assay workflow (automated and manual)
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