Anti-NNT antibody [8B4BB10]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is an enzyme that plays an important role in cellular redox balance by catalyzing the hydride transfer between NADH and NADP+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Also known as NNT in common scientific references the enzyme has a mass of approximately 109 kDa. NNT is primarily expressed in tissues with high metabolic demand such as the liver heart and adrenal glands. Its high expression in the mitochondria reflects its essential role in maintaining efficient energy homeostasis.

Biological function summary

NNT regulates the conversion of NADP+ to NADPH a form that serves as an important reducing agent in cellular mechanisms. The enzyme does not function alone but integrates into the mitochondrial membrane working as a part of a complex with other mitochondrial proteins like ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase. This role is important for antioxidant defense as NADPH is utilized in pathways that mitigate reactive oxygen species maintaining cellular integrity.

Pathways

NNT is a central component in energy metabolism and detoxification processes. It is intricately involved in the pentose phosphate pathway where it helps generate reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH. Additionally NNT is linked to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway ensuring efficient ATP production. The enzyme's activity is closely associated with proteins such as glutathione reductase and thioredoxin which rely on the reducing power of NADPH provided by NNT for their antioxidant functions.

Associated diseases and disorders

NNT mutations have been associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency and metabolic disorders which highlight its importance in endocrine and energy balance. Altered NNT activity has been observed in various cases of hypertension and heart failure. The enzyme's interrelationship with proteins like cortisol which is important in adrenal function and insulin in relation to metabolic processes and regulation indicate its broad influence in both energy homeostasis and redox balance.