Anti-Nucleophosmin (phospho S4) antibody [NPMS4-A1]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Nucleophosmin also known as NPM1 or B23 is a multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 37 kDa. It is highly expressed in the nucleolus of many human cells and is involved in various cellular processes. NPM1 aids ribosome biogenesis intracellular transport of ribosomal components and regulation of the centrosome. Its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling ability is due to its N-terminal domain which plays an important role in binding to nucleic acids and other proteins. Apart from these functions NPM1 acts as a histone chaperone and is important for maintaining genomic integrity.

Biological function summary

One of the central roles of NPM1 is its involvement in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. NPM1 forms a complex with other nucleolar proteins affecting ribosome subunit assembly and transport. This protein also participates in the control of the ARF/p53 pathway by sequestering p53-regulating proteins which are essential for cell cycle control and apoptosis. Its interactions with proteins such as nucleolin and nucleophosmin-like proteins allow NPM1 to perform its functions in organizing the nucleolus and regulating responses to stress signals.

Pathways

The NPM1 protein is integrally involved in key cellular pathways like the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. It directly interacts with pathways such as the ribosome biogenesis pathway and the p53 pathway. NPM1 has connections with proteins like ARF and MDM2 which play roles in retinoblastoma protein (pRb) regulation and in the control of tumor-suppressor activities. These pathways under NPM1’s influence are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring proper cell cycle checkpoints.

Associated diseases and disorders

NPM1 mutations are commonly observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) where they affect the normal function of the protein leading to leukemogenesis. NPM1 is also linked to tumorigenesis through its impact on the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Specifically alterations in NPM1 can disrupt the balance of other related proteins like ALK and p53 influencing the onset and progression of leukemia. Understanding the roles of NPM1 in these contexts is essential for developing targeted therapies to treat AML and other related disorders effectively.