Mitochondrial markers
What are mitochondria?
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. They have an outer mitochondrial membrane, a folded inner mitochondrial membrane, and a matrix. The inner membrane houses proteins like cytochrome C for the electron transport chain. The outer membrane contains marker proteins such as VDAC1 and hexokinase, essential for mitochondrial function. Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and play key roles in energy production and apoptosis.
What are mitochondrial markers used to study?
Mitochondrial markers are used to study cellular energy production, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dynamics. These markers help identify specific mitochondrial proteins and structures, allowing researchers to investigate how mitochondria generate ATP, regulate cell death, and respond to stress. They are also essential for exploring mitochondrial roles in disease, aging, and metabolic disorders, and are commonly used in studies of cell physiology, bioenergetics, and molecular pathology.
High-quality mitochondrial marker antibodies
Anti-TOMM20 antibody [EPR15581-54] - Mitochondrial Marker
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry (intra), flow cytometry, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF
- 5-star rating
- Over 160 publications
Anti-COX IV antibody [EPR9442(ABC)] - Mitochondrial Loading Control
- Validated for Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P, ICC/IF, mIHC
- Multiplex IHC validated on the Leica BOND® MAX using Opal reagents
- Over 30 publications
Anti-ATP5A antibody [EPR13030(B)] - Mitochondrial Marker
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry (intra), flow cytometry, IHC-P, ICC/IF
- 5-star rating
- Over 30 publications
Anti-ATPB antibody [3D5] - Mitochondrial Marker
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry, IHC-P, ICC/IF
- 5-star rating
- Over 250 publications
Anti-mtTFA antibody [RM1035] - Mitochondrial Marker
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry, IP, IHC-P, ICC/IF
- 5-star rating
- Validated on Leica BOND RXTM
Anti-Hsp60 antibody - Mitochondrial Marker
- Validated for Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P, ICC/IF
- 5-star rating
- Over 130 publications
Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry (Intra), flow cytometry, IP, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF
- KO validated for confirmed specificity
- Over 70 publications
Anti-VDAC1/Porin + VDAC3 antibody [20B12AF2] - Mitochondrial Loading Control
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry, ICC/IF
- KO validated for confirmed specificity
- Over 580 publications
Anti-Hexokinase 1 antibody [EPR10134(B)] - Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Marker
- Validated for western blot, flow cytometry (intra), flow cytometry, IHC-P, ICC/IF, mIHC
- KO validated for confirmed specificity
- Multiplex IHC validated on the Leica BOND® MAX using Opal reagents
Functional grouping of mitochondrial markers
References
- Shoshan-Barmatz, V., Shteinfer-Kuzmine, A. & Verma, A. VDAC1 at the intersection of cell metabolism, apoptosis, and diseases. Biomolecules 10, 1485 (2020).
- Meurant, S. et al. Endogenous TOM20 proximity labeling: a Swiss-knife for the study of mitochondrial proteins in human cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 9604 (2023).
- Zhao, M. et al. Mitochondrial ROS promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation by disrupting TFAM-mediated mtDNA maintenance. Theranostics 11, 1845–1863 (2021).
- Arnoult, D. et al. Mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor occurs downstream of cytochrome c release in response to apoptotic stimuli. J. Cell Biol. 159, 923–929 (2002).
- Hevler, J. F. et al. Molecular characterization of a complex of apoptosis-inducing factor with cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2106950118 (2021).