Anti-Osteocalcin antibody [EPR22338-92] - BSA and Azide free (Detector)

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Osteocalcin also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP) is a small non-collagenous protein with a molecular weight of approximately 5.8 kDa. This protein is mainly expressed in osteoblasts which are bone-forming cells. It is an important component of the bone matrix and is involved in bone mineralization. Osteocalcin binds to calcium and incorporates into the hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone helping stabilize the bone structure. Researchers often study this protein as a marker for bone formation and turnover.

Biological function summary

Osteocalcin plays a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism and fat deposition. It acts as a hormone from the bone and influences energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Osteocalcin undergoes carboxylation a post-translational modification necessary for its function in bone. Beyond its structural role demineralized osteocalcin has been found to impact pancreatic β-cell function adipose tissue and male fertility although the pathways in these processes are not entirely understood yet.

Pathways

Osteocalcin is associated with the energy metabolism and bone remodeling pathways. It interacts with the insulin signaling pathway influencing insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and boosting insulin sensitivity. This interaction involves proteins like insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) which play roles in glucose uptake. Osteocalcin also connects to bone remodeling pathways by influencing osteoclast differentiation and activity through osteoprotegrin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL).

Associated diseases and disorders

Dysregulation of osteocalcin levels associates with metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. It is linked with insulin resistance affecting glucose homeostasis and potentially contributing to diabetes development. Osteocalcin's involvement in bone density maintenance also makes it relevant in osteoporosis where bone formation balance is disrupted. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegrin which osteocalcin interacts with are other proteins connected to the pathogenesis of these conditions. Understanding osteocalcin's function helps in exploring therapeutic targets for these diseases.