Anti-P2X4 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The P2X4 receptor also known as P2RX4 is an ATP-gated ion channel that functions as a non-selective cation channel integral to numerous physiological processes. This receptor has a molecular mass of approximately 46 kDa. You can find it expressed highly in the central nervous system specifically in microglial cells and also in various peripheral tissues such as the heart and vascular endothelial cells. The channel allows for the rapid influx of calcium sodium and potassium ions upon activation by extracellular ATP.

Biological function summary

P2X4 receptors play important roles in modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity particularly through their involvement in maintaining calcium homeostasis. These receptors do not function in isolation; they often operate as part of larger protein complexes including potential interactions with other P2X receptors such as P2X7. Through these associations P2X4 influences inflammatory responses and neuropathic pain acting as a bridge between extracellular signals and intracellular processes.

Pathways

P2X4 is important in the regulation of several signaling cascades notably the inflammatory and pain pathways. For example its interaction with the NF-kB signaling pathway highlights its contribution to inflammatory responses. P2X4 also interacts with proteins like pannexin-1 forming conduits that may amplify ATP release an important step in the propagation of inflammatory signals contributing to long-term changes in synaptic function and plasticity.

Associated diseases and disorders

P2X4 receptor activity links to various conditions particularly neuropathic pain and heart disease. Alterations in P2X4 expression or function can contribute to the development of chronic pain conditions where enhanced P2X4 signaling is observed in microglial cells in response to nerve injury. In cardiac settings changes in P2X4 may influence heart failure with potential interactions noted with P2X7 receptors; these interactions can modulate inflammatory pathways that exacerbate cardiac dysfunction.