Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal PADI4 / PAD4 antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Transfected cell lysate - Human samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
IHC-P | WB | IP | ICC/IF | Flow Cyt (Intra) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Not recommended | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended |
Rat | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended |
Transfected cell lysate - Human | Not recommended | Tested | Not recommended | Not recommended | Not recommended |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/2000 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species Transfected cell lysate - Human | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human, Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/5000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci) (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci (PubMed:18209087). Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription (PubMed:15345777). Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1 (PubMed:15731352).
PAD4, PADI5, PDI5, PDI5, PADI4, PAD4, PADI5, Protein-arginine deiminase type-4, HL-60 PAD, Peptidylarginine deiminase IV, Protein-arginine deiminase type IV
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal PADI4 / PAD4 antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Transfected cell lysate - Human samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
EPR26687-49
Affinity purification Protein A
Blue Ice
1-2 weeks
+4°C
-20°C
Upon delivery aliquot
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
PADI4 also known as PAD4 PADI4 protein or PAD-4 is an enzyme that plays a mechanical role in post-translational modification. It functions by catalyzing the conversion of arginine residues into citrulline in histones a process known as citrullination or deimination. This enzyme exhibits a molecular mass of approximately 74 kDa and is expressed notably in tissues like bone marrow and sites of inflammation. PADI4 shows high expression in immune cells such as neutrophils which are important for inflammatory responses.
The PADI4 protein impacts gene expression by modifying chromatin architecture making it part of chromatin remodeling activities. PADI4 is known to associate with chromatin but it does not form large stable complexes. It influences the transcriptional activity of genes by altering histone interactions which can affect immune responses and cellular differentiation. Through these chromatin changes PADI4 plays a notable role in regulating genes associated with immune function and inflammatory responses.
PADI4 integrates into the inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways. It influences apoptosis by modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and participating in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PADI4 works with other proteins such as histone H3 and histone H4 to influence immune cell pathways. These interactions underline its role in the regulation of protein expressions during inflammation and immune-mediated processes.
PADI4 connects to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and certain cancers. In rheumatoid arthritis altered activity of PADI4 can lead to the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins which exacerbates inflammation in joints. The enzyme’s dysregulation is also implicated in cancer progression where it may affect tumor growth and metastasis. PADI4’s interaction with other proteins like citrullinated histones highlights its association with pathogenic processes in such diseases.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
This antibody does not cross-react with human PADI1, PADI2, PADI3 and PADI6.
In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.
In Western blot, Anti-6X His tag® antibody [EPR20547] - ChIP Grade (Anti-6X His tag® antibody [EPR20547] - ChIP Grade ab213204) staining at 1/5000 dilution.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: 293T cells transfected with an empty vector containing a myc-His-tag®, whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI4 expression vector containing a myc-His-tag®, whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI1 expression vector containing a GFP-tag, whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI3 expression vector containing a GFP-tag, whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 5: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI2 expression vector containing a GFP-tag, whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 6: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI6 expression vector containing a myc-His-tag®, whole cell lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Observed band size: 75 kDa, 36 kDa
Exposure time: 6s
The expression of PAD is upregulated in response to DMSO treatment (PMID: 10488123).
Lysates were freshly made and used immediately to minimize protein degradation.
In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Untreated HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia promyeloblast) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: HL-60 treated with 1.25% DMSO for 5 days whole cell lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Observed band size: 74 kDa, 36 kDa
Exposure time: 48s
Flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde fixed 90% methanol permeabilized HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia promyeloblast) treated with 1.25% DMSO for 5days) (Red) / untreated HL-60 (Green) cells labelling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/5000 dilution (0.01 ug)/Red and Green compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (Black) isotype control and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody) (Blue).
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/5000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% TritonX-100 permeabilized HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia promyeloblast) cells labelling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/500 (1.026 ug/ml) dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 (2 ug/ml) dilution (Green).
Confocal image showing nuclear staining in HL-60 cells treated with 1.25% DMSO for 5 days and showing no staining in untreated HL-60 cells.
Image was taken with a confocal microscope(Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).
Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) was used to counterstain tubulin at 1/200 (2.5ug/ml) dilution (Red). The Nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).
Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 (2 ug/ml) dilution.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human cerebrum tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Negative control: No staining on human cerebrum (PMID: 12833157).
The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument
Counterstained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human liver tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Nuclear staining on granulocytes in human liver.
The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument
Counterstained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human lung tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Nuclear staining on granulocytes in human lung.
The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument
Counterstained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human spleen tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Nuclear staining on granulocytes in human spleen.
The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument
Counterstained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins
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