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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal PADI4 / PAD4 antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Transfected cell lysate - Human samples.

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Images

Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (AB315269), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (AB315269), expandable thumbnail
  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (AB315269), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (AB315269), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (AB315269), expandable thumbnail

Key facts

Isotype

IgG

Host species

Rabbit

Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA

Form

Liquid

Clonality

Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IHC-PWBIPICC/IFFlow Cyt (Intra)
Human
Tested
Tested
Not recommended
Tested
Tested
Mouse
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Rat
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended
Transfected cell lysate - Human
Not recommended
Tested
Not recommended
Not recommended
Not recommended

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

1/2000

Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species

Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

1/1000

Notes

-

Species

Transfected cell lysate - Human

Dilution info

1/1000

Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species

Mouse, Rat

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species

Human, Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

1/500

Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species

Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

1/5000

Notes

-

Not recommended
Not recommended

Species

Mouse, Rat, Transfected cell lysate - Human

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Associated Products

Select an associated product type

1 product for Alternative Version

Target data

Function

Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci) (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci (PubMed:18209087). Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription (PubMed:15345777). Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1 (PubMed:15731352).

Alternative names

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal PADI4 / PAD4 antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Transfected cell lysate - Human samples.

Key facts

Isotype

IgG

Form

Liquid

Clonality

Monoclonal

Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number

EPR26687-49

Purification technique

Affinity purification Protein A

Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage duration

1-2 weeks

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-20°C

Aliquoting information

Upon delivery aliquot

Storage information

Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

PADI4 also known as PAD4 PADI4 protein or PAD-4 is an enzyme that plays a mechanical role in post-translational modification. It functions by catalyzing the conversion of arginine residues into citrulline in histones a process known as citrullination or deimination. This enzyme exhibits a molecular mass of approximately 74 kDa and is expressed notably in tissues like bone marrow and sites of inflammation. PADI4 shows high expression in immune cells such as neutrophils which are important for inflammatory responses.

Biological function summary

The PADI4 protein impacts gene expression by modifying chromatin architecture making it part of chromatin remodeling activities. PADI4 is known to associate with chromatin but it does not form large stable complexes. It influences the transcriptional activity of genes by altering histone interactions which can affect immune responses and cellular differentiation. Through these chromatin changes PADI4 plays a notable role in regulating genes associated with immune function and inflammatory responses.

Pathways

PADI4 integrates into the inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways. It influences apoptosis by modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and participating in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PADI4 works with other proteins such as histone H3 and histone H4 to influence immune cell pathways. These interactions underline its role in the regulation of protein expressions during inflammation and immune-mediated processes.

Associated diseases and disorders

PADI4 connects to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and certain cancers. In rheumatoid arthritis altered activity of PADI4 can lead to the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins which exacerbates inflammation in joints. The enzyme’s dysregulation is also implicated in cancer progression where it may affect tumor growth and metastasis. PADI4’s interaction with other proteins like citrullinated histones highlights its association with pathogenic processes in such diseases.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.

8 product images

  • Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    This antibody does not cross-react with human PADI1, PADI2, PADI3 and PADI6.

    In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.

    In Western blot, Anti-6X His tag® antibody [EPR20547] - ChIP Grade (Anti-6X His tag® antibody [EPR20547] - ChIP Grade ab213204) staining at 1/5000 dilution.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: 293T cells transfected with an empty vector containing a myc-His-tag®, whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI4 expression vector containing a myc-His-tag®, whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 3: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI1 expression vector containing a GFP-tag, whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI3 expression vector containing a GFP-tag, whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 5: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI2 expression vector containing a GFP-tag, whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 6: 293T cells transfected with a human PADI6 expression vector containing a myc-His-tag®, whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution

    Observed band size: 75 kDa, 36 kDa

    Exposure time: 6s

  • Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    The expression of PAD is upregulated in response to DMSO treatment (PMID: 10488123).

    Lysates were freshly made and used immediately to minimize protein degradation.

    In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Untreated HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia promyeloblast) whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: HL-60 treated with 1.25% DMSO for 5 days whole cell lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution

    Observed band size: 74 kDa, 36 kDa

    Exposure time: 48s

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    Flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde fixed 90% methanol permeabilized HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia promyeloblast) treated with 1.25% DMSO for 5days) (Red) / untreated HL-60 (Green) cells labelling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/5000 dilution (0.01 ug)/Red and Green compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (Black) isotype control and an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody) (Blue).

    Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 1/5000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% TritonX-100 permeabilized HL-60 (human acute promyelocytic leukemia promyeloblast) cells labelling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/500 (1.026 ug/ml) dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed antibody at 1/1000 (2 ug/ml) dilution (Green).

    Confocal image showing nuclear staining in HL-60 cells treated with 1.25% DMSO for 5 days and showing no staining in untreated HL-60 cells.

    Image was taken with a confocal microscope(Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

    Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) was used to counterstain tubulin at 1/200 (2.5ug/ml) dilution (Red). The Nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed at 1/1000 (2 ug/ml) dilution.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human cerebrum tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Negative control: No staining on human cerebrum (PMID: 12833157).

    The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.

    The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

    Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human liver tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Nuclear staining on granulocytes in human liver.

    The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.

    The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

    Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human lung tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Nuclear staining on granulocytes in human lung.

    The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.

    The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

    Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PADI4 / PAD4 antibody [EPR26687-49] (ab315269)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human spleen tissue labeling PADI4 / PAD4 with ab315269 at 1/2000 (0.257 ug/ml) dilution, followed by a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Nuclear staining on granulocytes in human spleen.

    The section was incubated with ab315269 for 30 mins at room temperature.

    The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument

    Counterstained with Hematoxylin.

    Secondary antibody only control: Secondary antibody is a ready to use LeicaDS9800 (Bond™ Polymer Refine Detection).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, Epitope Retrieval Solution2) for 20 mins

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Product protocols

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