Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free

ab209889 is the Low endotoxin, azide-free version of ab205921.

Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] has been used as detector antibody in Human PD-L1 SimpleStep ELISA® kit (ab214565).

Additional information on positive controls:

Tissue:
Tonsil- with hyperreactive changes
Note: Tonsil Specimens- is recommended to screen several hyper-reactive tonsils to find those with highest expression of PD-L1 in crypt epithelium, macrophages homing the germinal centers and interfollicular mononuclear leukocytes.

Tumor tissues- prescreened for positive tumor and inflammatory infiltrates
Note: Tumor Specimens- PD-L1 expression varies by tumor type so screening is recommended to find positive and negative tumor controls. Refer to web link publication below to find some suggested tumor types. Many tumor specimens have some inflammatory macrophages and mononuclear leukocytes. Best to look for specimens with high numbers of these cells

Cell Lines:
Positives: B-CPAP- high, ES-2- medium, HCC70 - low

For primary negative control, isotype control, RabMAb negative control antibody (ab172730) is recommended.

For negative control sample, cell line COLO205 is recommended.

For PD-L1 protein, see ab167713

Recommended protocols:

For recommended Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol, please refer to the protocol book in the protocol section and/or here (downloadable copy)

For IHC usage on FFPE tissues, the following antigen solution is recommended with clone 28-8 - Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (ab208572) KO Validated

For recommended Flow Cytometry (Flow Cyt) protocol, please refer to the protocol book here (downloadable copy)

Western blot usage

For clone 28-8, it is recommended to use Odyssey system. This system has the advantages of a wider dynamic range and less background than chemiluminescence.

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

• - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
• - Improved sensitivity and specificity
• - Long-term security of supply
• - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.

This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

Our Low endotoxin, azide-free formats have low endotoxin level (1 EU/mg, determined by the TAL assay) and are free from azide, to achieve consistent experimental results in functional assays.