Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free
- BOND RX™ Validated
- RabMAb
- Recombinant
- KO Validated
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(1 Publication)
- IHC-P
Lab
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Tissue Microarrays stained for Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] using ab205921 in immunohistochemical analysis. This table provides a detailed overview of positive (tick mark) and negative (cross mark) staining per sample type tested. The sections were pre-treated using Heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab208572 (Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent). The sections were incubated with ab205921 at +4°C overnight. For IHC detection kit, Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) is recommended.
- ICC/IF
AbReview61595****
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Paraformaldehyde-fixed Triton X-100 permeabilized U-87 MG (human glioblastoma-astrocytoma epithelial cell line) cells stained for PD-L1 (red) using ab205921 at 1/200 dilution in ICC/IF followed by CF568 Donkey anti-rabbit IgG(H+L) secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution.
Alexa Fluor® 488 (ab209959) and Alexa Fluor® 647 (ab209960) conjugated versions are available for this clone.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
This image is courtesy of an Abreview submitted by Dr. Dimitra Kalamida.
- IHC-P
Supplier Data
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human non-small cell lung cancer tissue labelling PD-L1 with ab205921. Tumor cells and immuno cells localized within the stroma show PD-LA plasma membrane staining.
For antigen retrival buffer, Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (ab208572) was used.
For IHC detection kit, Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) is recommended.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- Flow Cyt
Collaborator
Flow Cytometry - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
ab205921 specificity testing by Flow Cytometry (KO testing) : Loss of detection on KO cells.Strong detection with anti-PD-L1 (ab205921 clone 28-8) TALEN constructs targeting exon4 of human PD-L1 transcript variant 1 (NM_014143.3) and complete knock out (K.O) confirmed by deep sequencing in clone L2-14. Cell surface staining is almost completely eliminated in the L2987 L2-14 KO cell line. For recommended Flow Cytometry (Flow Cyt) protocol please refer to the protocol book in the protocol section. Alexa Fluor® 488 (ab209959) and Alexa Fluor® 647 (ab209960) conjugated versions are available for this clone. This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
Supplier Data
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human melanoma tissue labelling PD-L1 with ab205921. Tumor cells show weak and partial postive PD-L1 expresseion in the plasma membrane. PD-L1 positive tumor associated immunoe cells are also stained.
For antigen retrival buffer Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (ab208572) was used.
For IHC detection kit Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) is recommended.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
Supplier Data
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue stained for PD-L1 using ab205921 at 1/100 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-Fr
Lab
Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
This data was developed using ab205921, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation
IHC image of PD-L1 staining in a section of frozen normal human tonsil* performed on a Leica BOND™ system using the standard protocol. The section was fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde (10 min) prior to staining. The section was incubated with ab205921 1ugml for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. The inset secondary-only control image is taken from an identical assay without primary antibody.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
*Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- IHC-P
Collaborator
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of Human Lung NSCLC with ab205921 at 2 μg/ml.
High power view
A) Rabbit IgG 5 μg/mL. No staining
B) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 1)
C) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 3)
D) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 4)
E) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 5)
F) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 6)
All batches/lots (13456) showed consistent results.
Note linear and complete or partial (arrows) PD-L1 staining of tumor cells. Tumor associated immune cells localized over the tumor margin exhibit positive plasma membrane staining (small arrows).
For recommended Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol please refer to the protocol book in the Product Protocol section of ab205921.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS BSA glycerol and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
Unknown
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] (ab205921)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human tonsil tissue labelling PD-L1 with ab205921 at a dilution of 1 : 400. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using AR9 antigen retrieval solution, and microwave treatment for 15 min at 20% power. Anti-Rabbit/Mouse HRP polymer (PerkinElmer Opal Polymer HRP Ms Plus Rb) was used as secondary antibody. Opal tyramide amplification was performed using Opal 520 fluorophore. Counterstained with DAPI stain. Image scanned with Vectra 3.0 and analyzed via Phenochart software.
This image was courteously provided by Dr. Houssein Abdul Sater, Georgia Cancer Center.
- IHC-P
Lab
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
IHC image of ab205921 staining PD-L1 in human tonsil formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections* performed on a Leica BOND RX (Polymer Refine kit). The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with EDTA buffer (pH9 epitope retrieval solution 2) for 30 mins at 98°C. The section was then incubated with ab205921 5μg/ml working concentration for 60 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system for 8 minutes at room temperature. DAB was used as the chromogen for 10 minutes at room temperature. The section was then counterstained with hematoxylin blued dehydrated cleared and mounted with DPX.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
*Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
This image was generated using ab205921, the same antibody but with BSA and Azide
- IHC-P
Supplier Data
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded L2987 (Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line with endogenous PD-L1 expression) cells labeling PD-L1 with ab205921 at 2 μg/ml. Counterstained with Hematoxylin.
For antigen retrival buffer Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (ab208572) was used.
For IHC detection kit Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) is recommended.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
Lab
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human placenta labelling PD-L1 with ab205921 at a dilution of 2µg/ml. The immunostaining was performed on a Ventana DISCOVERY ULTRA (Roche Tissue Diagnostics) instrument with an OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was conducted for 32min with ULTRA cell conditioning solution (CC1 pH8.5). ab205921 anti PD-L1 antibody was incubated at 37°C for 16min. Sections were counterstained is with Hematoxylin II. Image inset shows absence of staining in secondary antibody only control.
This data was developed using ab205921, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
- IHC-P
Supplier Data
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue labeling PD-L1 with ab205921 at 2 µg/ml. Counterstained with Hematoxylin.
For antigen retrival buffer, Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (ab208572) was used.
For IHC detection kit, Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (ab209101) is recommended.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
Lab
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tonsil labelling PD-L1 with ab205921 at a dilution of 2µg/ml. The immunostaining was performed on a Ventana DISCOVERY ULTRA (Roche Tissue Diagnostics) instrument with an OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was conducted for 32min with ULTRA cell conditioning solution (CC1 pH8.5). ab205921 anti PD-L1 antibody was incubated at 37°C for 16min. Sections were counterstained is with Hematoxylin II. Image inset shows absence of staining in secondary antibody only control.
This data was developed using ab205921, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
- IHC-P
Collaborator
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
ab205921 specificity testing by Immunohistochemistry (KO testing) : Loss of detection on KO Cells.
Strong IHC detection with anti-PD-L1 (ab205921, clone 28-8) is seen in human lung adenocarcinoma tumor cell line L2987. PDL1 gene was edited in L2987 cells using TALEN constructs targeting exon4 of human PD-L1, transcript variant 1 (NM_014143.3) and complete knock out (K.O) confirmed by deep sequencing in clone L2-14. IHC detection is completely eliminated in the L2987 L2-14 K.O. cell line.
For recommended Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol, please refer to the protocol book in the Product Protocol section of ab205921.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- WB
Lab
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
ab228415 works better than ab205921 in western blot testing. Blocking/Diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST This data was developed using ab205921, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation.
All lanes:
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/pd-l1-antibody-28-8-ab205921'>ab205921</a>) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1:
MDA-MB-231(human breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2:
U-87 MG (human glioblastoma astrocytoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3:
PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4:
A375 (human malignant melanoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 5:
HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 6:
A549 (human lung carcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Secondary
All lanes:
Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>) at 1/20000 dilution
Observed band size: 40-60 kDa
false
Exposure time: 100s
- WB
Unknown
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Blocking buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST
Diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST
All lanes:
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (ab209889)
All lanes:
NCI-H1975 (human non-small cell lung cancer) whole cell lysate at 15 µg
Secondary
All lanes:
Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>)
Predicted band size: 33 kDa
Observed band size: 40-60 kDa
false
Exposure time: 3min
- ICC/IF
Unknown
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation (ab205921).
Immunocytochemistry analysis of CHO-PDL1 (PD-L1 stably expessed Chinese hamster ovary epithelial cell) labeling PD-L1 with purified ab205921 at 1/400 dilution. Cells were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 0.1% tritonX-100. Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488 ab150077) at 1/1000 (2 μg/ml) was used as the secondary antibody. ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) 1/200 (2.32 μg/ml) was used as counterstain. Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI.
Negative controls : Cells not transfected with PD-L1 and both the transfected and mock tranfected cells without the primary antibody.
- IHC-P
Collaborator
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of CHO Parental cells with ab205921 at 2 μg/ml.
High power view
A) Rabbit IgG 5 μg/mL. No staining
B) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 1)
C) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 3)
D) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 4)
E) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 5)
F) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 6)
G) Anti PD-L1 2 μg/mL (ab205921 batches 7)
All batches/lots (134567) showed consistent results.
Note absence of PD-L1 expression in CHO parental cells.
For recommended Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol please refer to the protocol book in the Product Protocol section.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
Collaborator
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Immunohistochemical analysis of CHO PD-L1 cells with ab205921 at 2 µg/ml.
High power view
A) Rabbit IgG, 5 µg/mL. No staining
B) Anti PD-L1, 2 µg/mL (ab205921 batches 1)
C) Anti PD-L1, 2 µg/mL (ab205921 batches 3)
D) Anti PD-L1, 2 µg/mL (ab205921 batches 4)
E) Anti PD-L1, 2 µg/mL (ab205921 batches 5)
F) Anti PD-L1, 2 µg/mL (ab205921 batches 6)
G) Anti PD-L1, 2 µg/mL (ab205921 batches 7)
All batches/lots (1,3,4,5,6,7) showed consistent results.
Note strong, moderate, and weak (red, yellow, and white arrows respectively) plasma membrane staining of CHO PD-L1 transfected cells
For recommended Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol, please refer to the protocol book in the Product Protocol section of ab205921.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab205921).
- IHC-P
AbReview54457****
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
This IHC data was generated using the same anti-PDL1 antibody clone, 28-8, in a different buffer formulation (cat# ab205921).
Immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded human non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSQ-NSCLC) using ab205921 at a dilution of 1/400, incubated for an hour at room temperature. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was carried out in low pH buffer and the sample was blocked with peroxidase blocking buffer for 3 minutes.
This image was courteously provided by Dr. Kai Schmitt from the Institute of Pathology, Saarbrücken-Rastpfuhl.
- IHC-P
Lab
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
IHC image of ab205921 staining PD-L1 in PD-L1 Dynamic Range Analyte Control formalin fixed paraffin embedded cell lines (HistoCyte Laboratories), performed on a Leica BOND RX (Polymer Refine kit). The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with EDTA buffer (pH9, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 30 mins at 98°C. The section was then incubated with ab205921, 5μg/ml working concentration, for 60 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system for 8 minutes at room temperature. DAB was used as the chromogen for 10 minutes at room temperature. The section was then counterstained with hematoxylin, blued, dehydrated, cleared and mounted with DPX.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
This image was generated using ab205921, the same antibody but with BSA and Azide
- WB
Lab
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
Blocking buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST
Diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST
All lanes:
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (ab209889)
Lane 1:
CHO-S cell lysate at 15 µg
Lane 2:
Human PD-L1 transfected CHO-S cell lysate at 15 µg
Secondary
All lanes:
Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>)
Predicted band size: 33 kDa
Observed band size: 40-60 kDa
false
Exposure time: 1min
- WB
Collaborator
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB209889)
This data was developed using ab205921, the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation :
(A and B) Western blots of recombinant PD-L1 protein (Lane 1), cell lysates of CHO-PD-L1 (Lane 3), CHO (Lane 4), ES-2 (Lane 5) and Colo205 (Lane 6) cell lines. In B, anti-PD-L1 (ab205921, clone 28-8) was pre-incubated with purified recombinant PDL1 protein overnight at 4°C.
Blank/no sample (Lane2). Lane 2 is blank on purpose.
For recommended Western Blot (WB) protocol, please refer to the protocol book in the Product Protocols section of ab205921
All lanes:
Western blot - Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (ab209889)
Predicted band size: 33 kDa
false
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Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - BSA and Azide free
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519 Alexa Fluor® 488
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565 Alexa Fluor® 555
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603 Alexa Fluor® 568
Alexa Fluor® 568 Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8]
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617 Alexa Fluor® 594
Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8]
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665 Alexa Fluor® 647
Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] - Extracellular domain
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519 FITC
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Reactivity data
Product details
ab209889 is the Low endotoxin, azide-free version of ab205921.
Anti-PD-L1 antibody [28-8] has been used as detector antibody in Human PD-L1 SimpleStep ELISA® kit (ab214565).
Additional information on positive controls:
Tissue:
Tonsil- with hyperreactive changes
Note: Tonsil Specimens- is recommended to screen several hyper-reactive tonsils to find those with highest expression of PD-L1 in crypt epithelium, macrophages homing the germinal centers and interfollicular mononuclear leukocytes.
Tumor tissues- prescreened for positive tumor and inflammatory infiltrates
Note: Tumor Specimens- PD-L1 expression varies by tumor type so screening is recommended to find positive and negative tumor controls. Refer to web link publication below to find some suggested tumor types. Many tumor specimens have some inflammatory macrophages and mononuclear leukocytes. Best to look for specimens with high numbers of these cells
Cell Lines:
Positives: B-CPAP- high, ES-2- medium, HCC70 - low
For primary negative control, isotype control, RabMAb negative control antibody (ab172730) is recommended.
For negative control sample, cell line COLO205 is recommended.
For PD-L1 protein, see ab167713
Recommended protocols:
For recommended Immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocol, please refer to the protocol book in the protocol section and/or here (downloadable copy)
For IHC usage on FFPE tissues, the following antigen solution is recommended with clone 28-8 - Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (ab208572) KO Validated
For recommended Flow Cytometry (Flow Cyt) protocol, please refer to the protocol book here (downloadable copy)
Western blot usage
For clone 28-8, it is recommended to use Odyssey system. This system has the advantages of a wider dynamic range and less background than chemiluminescence.
Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
- - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- - Improved sensitivity and specificity
- - Long-term security of supply
- - Animal-free batch production
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
What does low endotoxin mean?
Our low endotoxin, azide-free formats have low endotoxin level (1 EU/mg, determined by the TAL assay) and are free from azide, to achieve consistent experimental results in functional assays.
Properties and storage information
Form
Purification technique
Storage buffer
Shipped at conditions
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
Storage information
Supplementary information
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Biological function summary
PD-L1 plays a central role in immune evasion mechanisms utilized by tumors. It is not part of a larger protein complex but directly interacts with PD-1 and CD80. When PD-L1 binds to PD-1 it sends inhibitory signals leading to decreased T cell activation and proliferation allowing cancer cells to avoid immune destruction. PD-L1 expression provides a mechanism for tumors to suppress immune surveillance facilitating tumor progression.
Pathways
PD-L1 is integral to the immune checkpoint pathway which is an important regulator of immune response. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 provides a mechanism for immune tolerance which is part of the broader adaptive immune system pathway. PD-L1 is related to other immune checkpoint proteins such as CTLA-4 in its function to limit autoreactivity and promote immune homeostasis.
Product protocols
- Visit the General protocols
- Visit the Troubleshooting
Target data
Alternative Names
Publications (1)
Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full listand refine your search
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 11: PubMed36009286
2022
Applications
Unspecified application
Species
Unspecified reactive species
Product promise
Please note: All products are 'FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES'.
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