PE Anti-Oxidative Stress Defense antibody [11]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The oxidative stress defense proteins protect cells from damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These proteins including superoxide dismutase catalase and glutathione peroxidase counteract oxidative stress by neutralizing harmful ROS. Superoxide dismutase with a mass of approximately 32 kDa is expressed in the cytoplasm mitochondria and extracellular space across various tissues. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase play similar roles ensuring a balance is maintained in cellular environments prone to oxidative reactions.

Biological function summary

These proteins engage with multiple cell processes to maintain cellular health by preventing oxidative damage to DNA proteins and lipids. These defense proteins often form part of larger complexes that work synergistically to reduce oxidative stress levels. By participating in antioxidant defense they limit cellular malfunction and support normal cellular signaling and function encompassing broad cellular protective mechanisms.

Pathways

Proteins involved in oxidative stress defense play a role in the detoxification pathway reducing oxidative stress markers and maintaining cellular redox balance. The pathway involves interactions with key endogenous antioxidants like glutathione. They also intersect with inflammation-related pathways wherein oxidative stress-related damage often triggers inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress defense proteins may also interact with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) a transcription factor important for inducing antioxidant response elements.

Associated diseases and disorders

Oxidative stress defense proteins have connections to conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disorders. In Alzheimer's disease abnormal oxidation affects amyloid-beta proteins where oxidative stress exacerbates symptoms. Additionally oxidative stress influences pathways contributing to plaque formation in cardiovascular disease suggesting a role in disease progression. These proteins’ functions strongly tie to proteins like amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer’s and low-density lipoprotein in cardiovascular disease emphasizing their critical role in disease pathophysiology.