Anti-PHLPP2 antibody - N-terminal

Supplementary info

Activity summary

PHLPP2 also known as PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 functions as a serine/threonine phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates Akt at the Ser473 site. This regulatory action on Akt influences many cellular processes including cell growth survival and metabolism. PHLPP2 has a molecular mass of approximately 140 kDa and is expressed in various tissues including liver and lung. Alternative names such as SCOP2 may sometimes reference this protein in specific research contexts.

Biological function summary

PHLPP2 modulates key signaling pathways by acting as a significant negative regulator of the Akt signaling pathway. It does not work alone; PHLPP2 can interact with functional complexes to exert its phosphatase activity more effectively. By dephosphorylating Akt PHLPP2 reduces the signaling output that leads to cell proliferation and survival responses leading to normal cellular homeostasis. This regulatory function positions PHLPP2 as a balancing component ensuring that Akt activity remains tightly controlled.

Pathways

PHLPP2 plays a role in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway which is critical for cellular growth and metabolic functions. It also indirectly impacts the mTOR pathway through its regulation of Akt as Akt is an upstream activator of mTOR. By keeping Akt activity in check via dephosphorylation PHLPP2 keeps the downstream effects of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in balance. It relates closely to proteins like PTEN which also acts as a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway ensuring that excessive Akt activity does not drive uncontrolled cellular events.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or altered expression of PHLPP2 have connections to cancer and diabetes. In cancer decreased levels of PHLPP2 can lead to an increase in Akt activity promoting uncontrolled cell division and survival therefore contributing to tumorigenesis. PHLPP2's influence on diabetes involves its regulation of insulin signaling where dysregulation can affect glucose homeostasis. The relationship between PHLPP2 Akt and insulin signaling highlights its important role in maintaining normal metabolic control and preventing disease progression in these contexts.