Anti-Phospholipase D antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids particularly phosphatidylcholine into phosphatidic acid and choline. This enzymatic reaction is important for signal transduction and membrane trafficking. In humans PLD primarily consists of two isoforms PLD1 and PLD2 each with a molecular mass of approximately 120-130 kDa. They are mainly expressed in the cellular membrane but also found in the cytosol and various intracellular organelles. These isoforms differ in their regulatory mechanisms and tissue distribution providing them specialized functions within the cell.

Biological function summary

Phospholipase D plays roles in cellular processes such as cell proliferation differentiation and survival. The phospholipase D activity results in the production of phosphatidic acid a lipid mediator involved in vesicle trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. PLD functions within a protein complex with small GTP-binding proteins like ARF and Rho family members enhancing its catalytic activity and facilitating its involvement in complex cellular responses.

Pathways

Phospholipase D participates in the mTOR signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt pathway. These pathways are key to regulating cell growth metabolism and survival. PLD-generated phosphatidic acid acts as a signaling lipid that activates mTOR complex 1 a central component in the mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally phospholipase D interacts with proteins like PI4P5 kinase in the PI3K-Akt pathway linking it to phosphoinositide metabolism and indicating its integrative role in signaling networks.

Associated diseases and disorders

Phospholipase D connects to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The overexpression and altered activity of PLD have been observed in several types of cancer particularly breast cancer where it is thought to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. In Alzheimer's disease dysregulated PLD activity may be associated with abnormal phosphatidic acid levels impacting neural cell membrane integrity and signaling. In these contexts phospholipase D interacts with proteins such as amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's highlighting the broader implications of PLD in disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targeting.