Anti-Phosphotyrosine antibody [RM111]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Phosphotyrosine also known simply as pY is a post-translational modification where a phosphate group binds to the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine amino acid in proteins. This small modification can have a huge impact on proteins' function and interaction. Phosphotyrosine has a molecular weight of approximately 216 Da when it stands on its own. This modification can occur in various proteins expressed widely across tissues playing a role in signaling cell division and morphological changes.

Biological function summary

Phosphorylated tyrosine residues modify the function and activity of proteins within cells. It is a critical component of signal transduction pathways and can alter protein functions when becoming part of large protein complexes. It often regulates receptor proteins and intracellular kinases modifying their ability to interact with other proteins like SH2 and PTB domain-containing proteins. Phosphotyrosine antibodies like anti-phosphotyrosine Ig2 are helpful research tools for detecting these modifications.

Pathways

The modification of tyrosine to phosphotyrosine participates significantly in pathways such as the MAPK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathway. These pathways are important for various cellular processes including growth and survival. Proteins like EGFR and PDGFR regulate signaling cascades by phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and often interact with phosphotyrosine and phosphotyrosine antibodies importantly.

Associated diseases and disorders

The dysregulation of phosphotyrosine levels contributes to conditions like cancer and diabetes. Aberrant activation or overexpression of phosphotyrosine residues on receptors like HER2 and insulin receptors can promote uncontrolled cell proliferation often seen in tumors and contribute to insulin resistance respectively. As such phosphotyrosine serves not only as a biological target but also as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of these disorders.