Anti-Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymer antibody [10H]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase often abbreviated as PARP is an enzyme that plays an important role in cellular processes. PARP catalyzes the addition of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to target proteins—a process known as poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. This modification is important for modulating protein function. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 116 kDa. PARP is located mainly in the nucleus of cells and shows high expression in tissues with elevated cellular proliferation and metabolism such as the brain and testis.

Biological function summary

PARP is integral to the DNA damage response mechanism in eukaryotic cells. It detects and signals single-strand DNA breaks inducing repair by recruiting DNA repair complexes. PARP collaborates with XRCC1 to facilitate the base excision repair pathway. As a part of these complexes PARP’s activity ensures cell survival under stress conditions. In concert with other poly (ADP-ribose) molecules PARP also influences chromatin structure impacting gene expression.

Pathways

PARP functions prominently within the signaling responses to DNA damage and apoptosis pathways. It associates closely with proteins like ATM and ATR as they coordinate cell cycle checkpoints. PARP’s enzymatic activity modulates the synthesis of poly (ADP-ribose) which interacts with other repair proteins to drive DNA strand repair. Furthermore the activity of PARP connects to the tumor suppressor protein p53 influencing cellular fate decisions between cell survival and apoptosis.

Associated diseases and disorders

PARP is heavily studied in the context of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated PARP activity is recognized in various cancers as it helps tumor cells survive DNA damage. PARP inhibitors have emerged as therapeutic agents targeting cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. Moreover in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s PARP’s excessive activation can lead to cell death. The interaction of PARP with other proteins such as α-synuclein in Parkinson’s highlights its multifaceted role in disease pathogenesis.