Anti-Rb (phospho T821) antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) also known as pRb is an important regulatory protein with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa. It is mainly expressed in the nucleus of cells. Rb functions as a tumor suppressor by controlling the cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Rb becomes active when it is dephosphorylated allowing it to bind and inhibit E2F transcription factors consequently preventing the transcription of genes essential for S phase entry.

Biological function summary

Retinoblastoma protein influences cellular proliferation differentiation and apoptosis. It acts within a larger protein complex modulating various cellular responses. When functional Rb halts uncontrolled cell division important for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. In its phosphorylated state known as phospho-Rb or phospho-Rb E182 it loses its regulatory capabilities which can lead to unrestrained cell cycle progression.

Pathways

Several involve the retinoblastoma protein. One key pathway is the p53 pathway which Rb interacts with to influence cellular outcomes like cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Rb cooperates with proteins like p21 to implement these processes. Additionally it is involved in the cyclin D-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) pathway which modulates its phosphorylation state influencing binding interactions and cell cycle control.

Associated diseases and disorders

Dysregulation of retinoblastoma protein is commonly associated with cancer particularly retinoblastoma and breast cancer. In retinoblastoma mutations in the Rb gene directly lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation due to the absence of functional Rb protein. Additionally Rb's connection to the E2F family of transcription factors can become disrupted contributing to oncogenesis in other cancers.